Daiza Seat

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Daiza, the Seat of Buddha 台座

The text below in German if from my own book.

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Some samples of dias forms:

Quoted from : 仏像の基本形
Copyright© 1997-2005 仏像世界.
Takada Hiroshi
http://www.geocities.jp/butsuzo1220/index.html


Lotus Seat, Rengeza 蓮華座 （れんげざ）



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Cloud seat, Unza 雲座 (うんざ）



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Seat like the Mountain of the World, Shumisen, Mt. Sumeru
Senjiza 宣字座（須弥座）（せんじざ（しゅみざ））



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Seat like a lotus leaf, Kayooza 荷葉座 （かようざ）



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Rock seat, Iwaza 岩座 （いわざ）



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Honorific Seat, Diamond Seat,
Shitsushitsuza 瑟瑟座 （しつしつざ）



http://www.geocities.jp/butsuzo1220/buddha/html/bkihon.html

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Whilst relying on my research book, I also add some online material now. I follow the order of the German translations.

A wonderful source apart from Mark Schumacher All about Buddha Statues is the following:

JAANUS
(C) 2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.
http://www.aisf.or.jp/%7Ejaanus/

Check all the JAANUS links given for more information on the subject.

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Seat, pedestal, dias, daiza　台座

A pedestal or dais upon which a Buddhist image is placed.
The type of pedestal is related to the type of image it supports as well as the period in which it was made. The *rengeza 蓮華座 or lotus pedestal is one of the most common forms of base for Buddha and Bodhisattva images. In its simplified form it consists of a *kaeribana 反花 (a ring of lotus petals facing downward). In its complex form it has many levels and various components.
Extensive explanation is here:
http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/d/daiza.htm


Seat covered with a woolen blanket, kuyuza くゆ座
Also senkuza 氈く座, kyuuza 毬座 or mousenza 毛氈座. A dais (daiza 台座) for an image of a heavenly being (ten 天) in the shape of a round woolen rug with tassels around the edge.
http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/k/kuyuza.htm


Demon dias, kiza 鬼座 邪鬼・鬼座
Statues of a heavenly being (ten天) stand on the bodies of Amanojaku demons, some form of ancient Indian deities, which offer their bodies for the Buddhas to stand in more comfort.

Look at an example of Mark Schumacher
http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/shitenno.shtml


Diamant Dias (kongooza, kongoozai; vajrasana 金剛座)
The center of the world. The original place in Bodhgaya, where Shakyamuni sat down to come to enlightenment. All Buddhas use this seat to sit in meditation until enlightenment.


One-Leaf Dias, ichiyooza 一葉座
One signle lotus leaf, in which the statue of a Kannon is seated.
See also > kayooza.


gem or precious stone base, shitsushitsuza 瑟瑟座
The most common base for an image of Fudou Myouou 不動明王, especially in a group with four others, godai myoo-o 五大明王.
See illustration above.
http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/s/shitsushitsuza.htm


Robe-covered dias, mokakeza, kakemoza, senkuza 裳懸座
A pedestal which is covered by the skirt of the Buddhist image it supports.
http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/m/mokakeza.htm


Stone pedestal, banjakuza, iwaza, ganza 盤石座, 岩座
images of guardian figures and Myouou 明王 most commonly have rock bases.
Sometimes figures of demons are engraved in the stone.
See illustration above.
http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/i/iwaza.htm


Podest for a figure of a saint, Honorable Seat, raibanza 礼盤座
Sometimes arabesques are encarved on the sides of the simple square seat.




Saint Shinran seated on a square podest
http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~kenshoji/homotu/goei.html




Lotus Pedestal, rengeza; padmasana 蓮華座
the most common forms of base for Buddha and Bodhisattva images.



Read the details at JAANUS
http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/r/rengeza.htm


Lotus-Leaf Dias, kashooza, kayooza 荷葉座
Form of an upside down lotus leaf. For statues of Ten. Often used in esoteric Buddhism. See illustration above.


Podest with a vase of treasures, hoobyoozuke rengedai　宝瓶付蓮華台
Only for Aizen Myo-O　 愛染明王


http://www.sakai.zaq.ne.jp/piicats/aizennZ.htm



lotus base with separate feet, fumiwari rengeza 踏割蓮華座, fumiwake rengeza 踏分蓮華座
Mostly for standing statues of Amida Nyorai, sometimes Fudo Myo-O.


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Sockelformen (daiza)

Fast alle Figuren sitzen oder stehen auf einem besonderen Thron bzw. Sockel, der ausdrückt, daß die Gottheiten keinen direkten Kontakt mit dieser Welt haben. Am beliebtesten ist der Lotussockel, da er symbolisch das Erheben über den Schmutz und Schlamm dieser Welt verdeutlicht. Wer einmal einen Lotusteich im Sommer erlebt hat, wird diese Assoziation sicher nachempfinden können.

Bedeckter Sockel (kuyuza)
Spezieller Sockel für Ten-Statuen; mit aufgelegter Wolldecke.

Dämonensockel (kiza)
Dämonenfiguren, auf denen die Ten-Statuen stehen.

Diamantsockel (kongooza, kongoozai; vajrasana)
Der unverrückbare Mittelpunkt der Welt, Symbol der transzendenten, ewigen, diamantgleichen unzerstörbaren Wahrheit. Der Sitz, auf dem Shakyamuni under dem Bodhi-Baum meditierte und schließlich die Erleuchtung erlangte. Alle in diesem Zeitalter lebenden Buddhas erlangen auf diesem Sitz die Erleuchtung.

Ein-Blatt-Sockel (ichiyoo)
Ein einziges Lotusblatt, auf dem eine Kannon-Statue (Ichiyoo Kannon) sitzt.

Erhabener Sockel (shitsushitsuza)
"Edelsteinsitz".
Mehrstufiger, eckiger Sockel eines Myo-O. Ein fester Sockel aus mehreren, unregelmäßig geschichteten Brettern. Meist bunt bemalt. Eine abstrakte Form des Felssockels. Häufig bei einem Fudoo Myo-O, wenn er die mittlere Figur einer Gruppe der fünf großen Myo-O bildet.

Falten-Sockel (mokakeza, kakemoza, senkuza)
Sockel, über den das Gewand (mo) der Statue gebreitet ist. Meist über einem Weltenberg-Sockel. Häufig bei alten Statuen, z.B. des Shaka Nyorai im Tempel Hooryuuji. In der Fujiwara-Zeit auch für Ten-Statuen, besonders Kichijooten.

Felssockel (banjakuza, iwaza, ganza)
Sockel in Form natürlicher Felsen.
Fast ausschließlich für Myo-O, Ten oder noch niederere Gotthei~ten mit furchterregendem Gesichtsausdruck. Auf dem Stein können sich auch noch Dämonen-Figuren befinden, auf denen die Myo-O trampeln. Siehe Dämonensockel.

Heiligen-Sockel (raibanza)
Kleiner Sockel mit Arabeksen an den Seiten; für Figuren von Heiligen und Priestern

Lotussockel (rengeza; padmasana)
Massiver oder einfacher Lotussockel. Die häufigste Sockelform für Nyorai-Figuren.
Blütenschale des Erleuchtungs-, Reinheits- und Weltsymbols.
Lotus blüht im Paradies des Westens.
Für Nyorai, Bosatsu und selten Myo-O.

..... Kurze historische Entwicklung:
In der Asuka-Zeit hatte ein Lotussockel nur eine Schicht einfache Lotusblätter. In der Hakuhoo-Zeit sind die Lotusblätter walnuß~förmig, in zwei Lagen übereinander geschichtet. In der Tempyoo-Zeit werden die Enden spitz zulaufend, zu Beginn der Heian-Zeit relativ breit. In der Fujiwara-Zeit sind die Lotusblätter dünn und in der Kamakura-Zeit einfach realistisch nachgebildet.

Einzelne Teile eines klassischen Lotussockels (von oben nach unten):

Rengebu, Shibe, Renniku, Renben
Fukijiku
Uwashiki nasu
Keban
Shitashiki nasu, Ukebana
Ukeza, Kesoku
Kaeribana
Hamaguriza
Uwa kamachi
Shita kamachi
Sumiashi

..... Erläuterungen zum mehrstufigen Lotussockel:

fukijiku Gerader Teil direkt unterhalb der Lotusblätter.
kaeribana Nach oben gebogene untere Lotusblätter. Symbolisieren eine voll aufgeblüte Blüte. Darunter die beiden kamachi.
keban Zweite Plattform, auf der die Lotusblätter (renben) stehen. Symbolisieren die glatten Blätter auf dem Wasser. Sie werden vom ukeza getragen.
kesoku Lotusblätter um dem ukeza.
renben, rengebu Lotusblätter.
rennikubu Glatter Teil eines mehrstufigen Lotussockels.
shibe Staubfäden. Oberster Teil.
shitashiki nasu Kastenförmiger mittlerer Teil. Symbolisiert die Wurzeln, welche Stengel und Blüten nähren.
shita kamachi Unterer eckiger Teil des untersten Teils. Siehe uwa kamachi. Oft mit acht Ecken.
sumiashi Eckfüße.
ukeza Gerader Teil unter dem shitashiki nasu.
uwa kamachi Oberer eckiger Teil des untersten Teils. Symbolisiert zusammen mit shita kamachi das Sumpfwasser, über dem sich die Blüte erhebt. Oft mit acht oder sechs Ecken.
uwashiki nashi Kastenförmiger oberer Teil.


Lotusblatt-Sockel (kashooza, kayooza)
Kleiner Sockel in Form eines umgedrehten Lotusblattes; für Ten und niedere Gottheiten, die nicht auf einem echten Lotussockel stehen dürfen. Häufig für Daikokuten und Kichijooten. Wichtige Sockelform im esoterischen Buddhismus.

Lotus-Schatzsockel (hoobyoozuke rengedai)
Lotussockel mit einer Vase (kenbyoo, kembyoo) mit Schätzen darunter. Nur Aizen Myôô.

Lotusteich-Sockel (renga)
Eine Lotusblüte, auf der eine Kannon-Figur sitzt, aus einem Teich aufragend.

Löwensockel (shishiza; simhasana)
Symbol der erweckenden Verkündung, des unbezwingbaren Herrschertums, Mut und transzendenter Weisheit.
Oft steht auf dem Löwenrücken ein weiterer Sockel in der Form des Weltenberges Sumeru. Häufig bei Monju Bosatsu.
Siehe Tierform-Sockel.

Muschelsockel (hamaguriza, koori)
Gewölbter Teil unter dem kaeribana-Teil eines mehrstufigen Lotussockels. Auch einfacher Muschelsockel für eine Kannon-Figur.

Rechtecksockel (kataza)
Einfaches Rechteck aus Holz für eine stehende Figur.

Schritt-Sockel (fumiwariza, fumiwari renza 踏み割り座)
Zwei kleine Lotussockel unter jedem Fuß einer stehenden bzw. "laufenden" Figur. Häufig für Myo-O, selten auch bei Amida Nyorai.

Sitzplatz (kyokurokuza)
Sitz in Stuhlform für einen hohen Priester, z.B. Kooboo Daishi.

"Strahlender Berg"-Sockel (koomyoosan, koomuoozan)
Spezieller Sockel einer Wunscherfüllenden Kannon. Mit überwältigendem Wurzelwerk, bei dem der Hersteller seine Individualität ausleben kann. Eine Hand der Figur liegt stützend auf diesem Sockel, damit der "Strahlende Berg" mit dem Lotussockel nicht ins Wackeln gerät.

Tatami-Sockel (joojooza, agetatamiza)
Einfacher, flacher, viereckiger Strohmatten-Sockel mit farbiger Einfassung; für Statuen von niederen Gottheiten oder Priesterfiguren.

Tierform-Sockel (kinjuuza, choojuuza)
Wichtige Sockelform im esoterischen Buddhismus.
Elefant, Löwe, Phönix, Wasserbüffen, Gans u.a. Tiere.
Ein weißer Elefant steigt aus dem Tushita-Himmel herab, erscheint der Mutter des Shakyamuni, Maya, und kündigte ihr die Geburt des Sohnes an. Daher wird der Elefant in Indien besonders verehrt.
Elefant mit sechs Zähnen als Symbol der Stärke, Klugheit, machtvoller Würde, Unveränderlichkeit und Tugend der Meditation.
Fugen Bosatsu sitzt auf einem weißen Elefanten mit sechs Stoßzähnen. Monju Bosatsu sitzt auf einem Löwen.

Taishakuten sitzt auf einem weißen Elefanten, ein Bein herunterhängend.
Ashuku Nyorai sitzt ebenfalls auf einem weißen Elefanten.
Garuda-Vogel (kinshichoo), bedeutet Sieg über alle Elemente. Fukuu Jooju Nyorai sitzt darauf.
Pfau bedeutet Schönheit und macht Giftstoffe unwirksam. Kujaku Myo-O reitet auf einem Pfau.
Daijizaiten sitzt auf einem Wasserbüffel.

Die meisten Figuren sitzen auf einem Lotussockel auf dem Rücken des entsprechenden Tieres, z.B. auf einem Elefanten (kizoozoo), auf einem Löwen (shishiza, kishizoo).

Ausnahmen:
Dakiniten sitzt direkt auf einem weißen Fuchs.
Emmaten manchmal auf einem Wasserbüffel.
Marishiten steht auf einem Wildschwein.
Myooken Bosatsu und der Wassergott stehen auf einem grünen Drachen oder einer Schildkröte.


Wolkensockel (unza, kumoza)
Wolkenförmiger Sockel für engelartige Himmelswesen (gandharva; Apsara). Häufig in Fujiwara- und Kamakura-Zeit; besonders schöne Versionen im Tempel Byoodooin.

Weltenberg-Sockel (shumiza, sumiza, senjiza)
Sockel als Verkörperung des Weltenberges Sumeru. Sockel eines Nyorai oder Bosatsu, viereckig oder achteckig. Ein mittlerer Block wird oben und unten von einem Brett abgedeckt, sieht ähnlich aus wie das chinesische Zeichen "sen", daher der Name "Sockel wie das chinesische Schriftzeichen SEN" (senjiza). Unten meist mit drei Stufen. Manchmal fließen die Gewänder über den vorderen Teil dieses Sockels (siehe Faltensockel).

Wellensockel (suhamaza)
Sockel wie eine Sandbank.
Sockel einer stehenden Figur; mehrere Schichten wie Wellen an einer Küste. Eine Art der Felsensockel. Häufig in der Tempyoo-Zeit für niedere Gottheiten.

Quoted from my book:

Greve, Gabriele
Buddhastatuen - Who is Who
Paradise Publishers, Kamakura 1994

Japanese Art and Culture: Literature by Gabi Greve



. Buddhistische Kultgegenstände Japans
by Gabi Greve
Paradise Publishers 1996.


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worldkigo

Kagura Dance

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. Yamata no orochi 山田の大蛇 huge monster serpent .
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Kagura Dance　神楽


http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/master/kagura/1-art01.html

Kagura Dance and Music are part of the Shinto Rituals for the Gods, relating to ancient legends and were performed by priests and shrine maidens.
Now in some rural areas it is counted as a form of local art (minzoku geinoo) and preformed by the villagers themselves during the annual shrine festival. Some are are more like festive folk-drama. The area of Chichibu is especially known for its local kagura.

Some performances last more than one day. Even children perform in local kagura performances (kodomo kagura 子供神楽).

Masks made from Japanese paper (washi) are used and most old costumes are very precious.

There are various kagura types throughout Japan, see below.

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The Mikagura 御神楽 style of Shinto is also known as kagura and is very similar to the court music of gagaku. The original dance was performed by the goddess Ama no Uzume no Mikoto to entice out the sun goddess into the world.

With time, Buddhist song-texts were introduced and the hichiriki, kagurabue, wagon and the shakubyoshi all came to be the instruments routinely used to accompany the songs. Only fifteen songs out of the repertoire are now performed and generally last about seven hours. The present performance tradition dates from the Meiji times.

The all male singers are divided into two groups; the motokata and the suekata, each with its own set of songs and a principal singer who accompanies himself on the shakubyoshi until the other singers and instruments enter at a point known as tsukedokoro. The song texts include some of the oldest known Japanese poetry.

The style is in general slow and solemn with the voice pure and unembellished. The notation is a system of neumes known as hakase, modelled on the notation for Buddhist chant, dating from the 12th century. The sumifu system has been in use since Meiji.

The Satokagura 里神楽 style of Shinto is distinct from the court kagura and instead features older ritual styles similar to that performed at Shinto shrines. This style of music involves the preparation of a shinza or place of worship to which the gods are invited. A priestess or miko is central to the ritual which is generally performed on winter evenings.

Satokagura can be subdivided into groups. One of the groups, Izumo kagura　出雲神楽, occurs throughout Japan, especially in the West and its main features are a series of dances performed with torimono (various ritual objects held by the dancers), followed by a noh play.

Another group, Ise kagura　伊勢神楽　 is found in Kyoto and in the North and involves a ceromony known as yutate in which warm or boiling water is sprinkled about.

Edo kagura　江戸神楽　 is found in Eastern Japan, especially Tokyo and is similar to Izumo kagura but is also influenced by mibu kyogen (a type of Buddhist morality play).

Other sub-groups include the Shishikagura 獅子神楽　 which includes a lion dance (shishi-mai) and is now found in many forms throughout Japan and Yamabushi kagura　山伏神楽　 which was originally performed by mountain ascetics. It embodies the eclectic, folk religious worldview of the Shugendo tradition.

With time, Satokagura took on a more theatrical form when special dance-halls were built especially for this style known as kaguradono. Accompanying instruments are generally found to be stick drums and transverse flutes. The rhythms are strong and lively.
http://www.digital-daydreams.com/enc/world/show_country.php?id=32


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Iwami Kagura 石見神楽



As a result of the evil deeds of her brother Susano-wo, the sun-goddess Amaterasu-omikami hid herself in the Cave of Heaven.
Susano, having been chased from Heaven, wandered across the continent of China until he crossed into the land of Izumo (modern Shimane prefecture) and came to the River Hi, where he met Princess Inada and an old couple wailing and lamenting.

When Susano asked why they were so upset, he was told that every year the terrible eight-headed serpent Yamato-no-Orochi appeared, and that it had already devoured seven of their daughters and would soon come to take their remaining child, Princess Inada. Susano soon formulated a plan and made the Orochi drink some poisoned sake brewed from various nuts, and then killed it whilst it was drunk.

He then recovered from the monster’s tail a sword that he named Ame-no-murakumo-no-tsurugi (Treasure Sword of Heaven) and presented it to his sister Amaterasu. He then married Princess Inada.
http://www.city.hamada.shimane.jp/en/kagura/orochi.htm

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Miko Kagura 巫女神楽
a traditional dance in honour of the gods, performed by the maidens and priestesses (miko) of a shrine. Also called Miko Dance (miko mai 巫女舞).

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Orochi Kagura, performed in the Izumo area
Orochi is a giant serpent which threatenes the local population. Yamata no Orochi （八岐大蛇、八俣遠呂智、八俣遠呂知　ー　ヤマタノオロチ), a Serpent with eight heads is killed by the Deity Susa-no-O (Susano)、as we have seen in Iwami Kagura.



© Jake Davies / http://www.japanvisitor.com/ikj/ji/242.html


. Yamata no Orochi 八岐の大蛇 Serpent with eight heads .
papermachee figures from Tottori

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Matsumae Kagura 松前神楽, Hokkaido



The kagura style of dance and music is performed in the course of worshiping Shinto gods and this type of performance is best represented by the Matsumae kagura. It is believe to have been performed first in 1674 at Matsumae castle, formerly Fukuyama, being officially appointed to Lord Norihiro, the 6th head of the Matsumae clan.

Kagura of this style is performed mainly at shrines in the south of Hokkaido. The fact that the Matsumae Kagura is traditionally performed and transmitted by the Shinto priests alone has contributed to the refinement of its artistry. Among the kagura dances performed by ordinary people is the Sanjo Kagura which is a variation of the kagura from Hachimangu Shrine in Sanjo city in Niigata prefecture.

Also known as Dai Dai kagura, this particular style of performance was adopted by the Hokkaido Shrine, the Sumiyoshi Shrine in Otaru, the Muroran Hachiman Shrine, the Nopporo Shrine and the Takikawa Shrine among others, though kagura is no longer performed at the Takikawa Shrine.

Kagura of this sort was developed after the settlers who came from the Sanjo area invited performers of ancient court music from their town of origin to dedicate their performance to the shrine. The Dai Dai kagura is performed by ordinary people of the community unlike the Matsumae Kagura which is performed by priests.
http://www.pref.hokkaido.jp/kseikatu/ks-bsbsk/digest/chapter_9.html

dai dai kagure, daidai kagura ダイダイ神楽 / 太太神楽 / 太々神楽



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Dai Kagura, Daikagura 太神楽 Edo Daikagura

Dai Kagura is a remnant of the activities of Shinto dance troupes in the Edo Period, who brought Kagura (God-Music) performances to the local people who could not worship at Ise Shrine. The troupes who traveled around Western Japan throughout the year gathered on annually on the afternoon of December 24 at the Masuda Shrine of the main actor to perform all their acts as offerings.
The performers used some special words with different meanings, for example:
fukareru - to be turned down
gomui - bad
gosha, go sha - five yen
hitotsubo - 1,8 liter, 1 sho
mochi - police
mokoi - good


source : 2005. Mie Prefecture

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- quote -
What is “Edo-Daikagura”? Who is Senmaru?

Senmaru is a performer of “Edo-Daikagura”. “Edo” is an old name of Tokyo. “Daikagura”, it is very difficult to explain it.
Reportedly, the original purpose of Daikagura was to serve as a talisman for the people, chasing away evil on behalf of Jingu (the grand Shintoism shrines). Thus, Daikagura was originally a very sacred and serious performance. Today, the performance is becoming people’s entertainment. Senmaru wears a “kimono” and performs Japanese traditional tricks.
- source : senmaru.info/english... -

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太神楽（だいかぐら）は古くより神社に伝わる「伎楽(ぎがく)・散楽(さんがく)」の一部で、伊勢神宮・熱田神宮の二ヶ所が発祥の地と伝えられています。
江戸開府と共に出府し、獅子舞を連れて氏子の家々を廻りお祓いをする風習が生まれました。神様に代わって悪魔祓いの獅子舞を演じたことから、代神楽（だいかぐら）とも呼ばれていました。
神様への「奉納」・氏子への「祈祷」等が主な内容だった太神楽は、寄席の出現に伴い「神事芸能」から「舞台芸能」へと変化をし、獅子舞の余興として演じていた曲芸は大衆への娯楽を提供する「寄席芸能」へと発展してきました。
江戸時代に始まったこの「太神楽曲芸」は、明治・大正・昭和と時代に合わせた技を取り入れ、平成の今へと受け継がれている伝統芸能です。
太神楽は「舞」・「曲芸」・「話芸」・「鳴り物」の四つの柱から成り立っています。
http://www.daikagura.jp/kaisetsu.html

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Locating Transcendence in Japanese Minzoku Geinô:
Yamabushi and Miko Kagura

Lisa Kuly
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 2003

Contemporary minzoku geinô (minzoku geinoo, folk performing arts) in Japanese society is associated with the matsuri, or festival. Community members, such as workers and students, practise and perform various types of minzoku geinô in preparation for local festivals.

However, a look at the history of minzoku geinô reveals that originally its practitioners were marginalized members of society, who used ecstatic expression to perform various rites such as healings, exorcisms, and blessings.

Furthermore, the attitude toward ritual specialists was often negative; indeed, shamanistic practices were prohibited during the Meiji period (1868-1912). In response to social attitudes, ecstatic performers of Japan's premodern period negotiated their expressive powers in a variety of ways in order to survive.

This paper introduces the reader to the typology of minzoku geinô that involves ecstatic performance presented by yamabushi, male mountain-dwelling ascetics, and miko, female shamans generally associated with Shinto shrines. Moreover, the discussion in this paper illustrates how ecstatic performance changed throughout history to the extent that it is now seldom performed by marginalized ritual specialists.

Performers of contemporary minzoku geinô are accepted members of society. Furthermore, both the performers and the audience of minzoku geinô are affected by the transformative nature of ecstatic expression.
http://www.fl.ulaval.ca/celat/acef/kulya.htm

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- - - - - Further Links in the Daruma Museum:

. Mask of Ko-Daruma for Satokagura 　
小だるまの面

. Kagura at Kirishima Shrine 霧島神宮 .


Kagura, by Kids Web Japan

Iwami Kagura 　　石見神楽

Tengai : Canopy and Iwami Kagura

Musical Instruments (01)

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source : edoichiba menutisyoku

menuchi shokunin 面打職人 craftsmen making masks
They make masks for 神楽面 Kagura dance and 能面 Noh performances.
The wood used most often is kusunoki 楠 camphor, hinoki 檜 cypress and kiri 桐 paulownia.

. Edo no shokunin 江戸の職人 Edo craftsmen .

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Other Links

神話と里神楽の神々 (非常に詳しい資料）
神楽は神遊びともいい、
宮廷で神を祭る際の舞楽で、もつぱら神前で奏する音楽。 天宇受売命を遠祖とする猿女が代々伝えてきた。
これ対する一般の神楽を里神楽という。

九州 ：　日向神楽、佐伯神楽、平戸神楽。
中国・山陰・山陽 ：
大社神楽、佐陀神楽、備前神楽。
四国 ：　伊予神楽。
近畿・中部 　：　巫女神楽、花祭り。
関東 ：　里神楽、岩戸神楽。
東北 ：　番神楽、山伏神楽。
北海道 ：　松前神楽。
http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~pq7s-nsmr/nof_shinwa.htm


子供神楽, 写真がいっぱい
Childrens Kagura with many photos

From　2000
http://ww3.enjoy.ne.jp/~ahmsm.kuwata/child/child.html

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KAGURA as a kigo for haiku !

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
- #kagura #daikagura #daidai -
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2005 Latest Additions

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Latest Additions 2005
in backward order !

.................................. December 2005

Otafuku Daruma おたふく、お多福達磨　お福達磨 -　Ofuku Daruma

Onna Daruma, Female Daruma 女達磨　女だるま

Sahara Dolls 佐原だるま　張子　Papermachee Dolls

Teragaito Kiln　　垣外窯

Prison Daruma Fukushima 福島の刑務所福ダルマ

Katsuo-Ji Osaka 勝尾寺　大阪

Kentooshi 遣唐使、 Japanese Envoys to China

Ennin 　Jikaku Daishi Ennin 慈覚大師仁円

Potter Lee in Mashiko

Daruma and the Cow

HAIKU and Daruma san

Lyra Daruma

Daruma Magazine 49

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.................................. November 2005

Yunomi, Tea Cups ー 湯呑み

Sad Monk Paintings

Yakushi Nyorai 薬師如来、Buddha of Medicine

Gangu Toys 玩具

Zeni-ire 銭入れ purse

Suiteki 水滴 water drippers

Hibachi 火鉢 braziers and handwarmers

Sakazuki 杯　sake cups

Kaze Daruma 風だるま、土方

Incense and Daruma お香とだるま

Wa Kei Sei Jaku 和敬清寂　and the Way of Urasenke Tea

Danjiri Festival Float

Shakuhachi Flute 尺八

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.................................. October 2005

Kankiten (Ganesh)

Obake Daruma and Halloween

Friendship Dolls

Japanese Ghosts yookai, obake　妖怪、お化け。。。

Doosojin, the Wayside Gods 道祖神

Mitsumine Shrine 三峰神社

Daruma teaching visceral wisdom

Daruma-Do in Germany

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.................................. September 2005

Gyoki Bosatsu Gyooki 行基菩薩

Tora Tiger Kokeshi トラだるま　Hanshin Tigers

Ringo Apple 林檎だるま　林檎

Engimono for good luck 　A Summary 縁起物のまとめ
。。身代わり猿、赤べっこ Migawari Monkey

Kuya Shonin Kuuya Shoonin, Saint Kuya 空也上人

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.................................. August 2005

Newsweek Daruma ９月の選挙とだるま

Rush-Leaf Daruma (royoo) 芦葉達磨 Daruma on a reed

Ritual Decorations (shoogongu) 荘厳具　including:
... Banner (ban) 幡
... Canopy (tengai) 天蓋
... Flower Garlands (keman) 華鬘

Bushuu Daruma Koshigaya Daruma, 武州だるま、越谷だるま　張子

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.................................. July 2005

Kobori Enshuu Garden Designer, 小堀遠州

CHOOCHIN, lanterns 提灯とだるま

Suminagashi in Japanese manuscripts ｂｙ　Jake Benson

Godai, the five great ones 五大明王、五大力菩薩、五大如来
..... (godai myo-o, godai bosatsu, godai nyorai)

Tabi socks 足袋にだるま

Five Hundred Arhats Gohyaku Rakan 五百羅漢

Daruma-Museum, Okayama Auf Deutsch !

SUIKA <> Daruma as a watermelon スイカのだるま

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.................................. June 2005

Basho and Haiku 松尾芭蕉の俳句 Matsuo Basho (Matsuo Bashoo)

Brigitte D 'Ortschy, a German Zen Master

Education with Daruma 　教育とだるま

Hokusai 葛飾北斎

Nagarjuna 龍樹 Ryuuju and the Middle Way

Ooasahiko and Hakuchoo Daruma also : Naruto, the German House

Saigyo Hooshi (西行法師) and the Cherry Blossoms

Shikoku Summer 2005 Our own Haiku Pilgrimage


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May 2005

Daruma-gama, a Kiln 　　だるま窯　だるまがま Dharma-gama

First Ceremonies of the year (05) hatsu 初写経など

Food Offerings and Bowls 托鉢、onjiki ki 飲食器など

Kukai, Kobo Daishi 弘法大師　空海 (Kuukai, Kooboo Daishi)

Kumarajiva, the Translator 　鳩摩羅什

Nirvana Ceremony 涅槃会、常楽会

Saijiki for Buddhist Events 俳句仏教歳時記


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April 2005

Atsugi Daruma 厚木だるま

Bicycle called Daruma 　だるま自転車

Enku 円空 彫刻

Gakki, Musical Instruments　(01) Big Drum Daiko 大鼓

Geta Sandals 下駄

Hearn, Lafcadio Koizumi Yakumo 小泉八雲　

HOTEI and the seven gods of good luck 布袋と七福神

Issa, a Haiku Master 小林一茶と達磨俳句と俳画

Nantenboo 南天坊 Zen Priest

Oume Aome Sumiyoshi Jinja 　青梅　住吉神社

Yamabuki-Iro, Yellow Daruma 山吹色の黄色だるま

Washi, Japanese Paper 和紙


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March 2005

Ame, Dagashi, Sweets with Daruma, Sucker Sweets 飴、駄菓子



Coconut Daruma .. ココナツだるま、自然のだるま

Colours Traditional Japanese Colors 日本の伝統的色、色彩

Daruma Memorial Day .. Daruma-ki, Japan　達磨忌, a kigo

Hachimaki - Daruma with Headband 鉢巻だるま

Hako / Boxes 箱いろいろ

Kanamono, Metal Figures 　金物

Kimono, Yukata, Nagajuban 着物、浴衣、長じゅばん

Kiri-e, cut-out pictures 。。切り絵、切り紙

KOAN and Haiku (01) ：：公案と俳句

MIMIKAKI Earcleaner 耳掻きにだるま

Nishijin Weaving 西陣織　京都　（mousepad)

NOREN Door Curtains のれん　暖簾

Penguin Daruma, a Children's Book
http://blog.livedoor.jp/gabigreve2000/archives/16565575.html

Putter Cover .. a MUST for the Golf Fan ! ゴルフに最高

Santoka, Shinjin Datsuraku and the Begging Bowl

Saru - Monkey 猿とだるま

Shizen . Natural Daruma Shapes .. Stalagmites, Ikura-Cave 井倉洞

Soroban, Abacus ．．そろばん　算盤　Ａｂａｋｕｓ

Take - Bamboo Art ..　竹とアジアの美術

Wabi and Sabi 　Wabi-Sabi 侘び寂び　わびさび

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Latest Aquisitions


HAIKU

RE Some Doubts about Japanese words related to Haiku.

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February 2005

Aizu Daruma 会津だるま Papermachee Dolls

ANTIQUES <> Incense Container, Kutani
ANTIQUES <> Pipe with Daruma Face
ANTIQUES <> Tobacco Pouch

Blue Eyes of Daruma Aoi Me no Daruma 青い目のだるま

Darumabune, a Boat だるま舟

Demons .. Oni, Namahage and more 鬼、なまはげなど

Eihei-Ji 永平寺 .. A Visit to a COLD Zen-temple

EMA <> Votive Tablets　of Fudo Myo-O 不動明王の絵馬

HEALTH - Some Taoist Lore DaMo Quigong

Hige - Daruma with a Beard ひげ達磨　ひげだるま

Juusanbutsu .. 13 Protector Deities 十三仏

Labyrinth .. Ariadne and the Honey Pot

Laquer Doll from Oouchi, Yakko 大内の漆だるま

Mandala for Life .. A Haiku and Picture Selection

Mandala Therapy 　曼荼羅セラピー

Manholes with Daruma マンホールにだるま

Matsuo Basho / The man himself 松尾芭蕉

ME - Blue Eyes of Daruma 青い目のだるまさん

Miharu Daruma 三春だるま Papermachee Dolls

Netsuke with Daruma 根付
Netsuke, Daruma with Onyx Eyes

Okimono, statue made of horn 置物

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. Oyama Fudo, Feb. 28 Festival

Picture by Shiga

Rikyu Gray Sen no Rikyu and the Color GRAY

Satsuma Ware 薩摩焼

Scrolls with Daruma 　掛け軸

Setsubun Festival .. Throwing Beans for Good Luck 節分

Star Shrines .. Hoshi Jinja, Myooken Bosatsu (Myoken Bosatsu)

Sumida Pottery <>Vase with Daruma 隅田焼

Takahata Fudo .. with a Daruma Market 高幡不動とだるま市

Tosho-Gu Tokugawa Ieyasu 東照宮と徳川家康

Udon Noodles with Daruma うどんにもだるま

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January 2005


http://www3.kcn.ne.jp/~miyosida/yamatono_dorei/2003_04/2003_04.html

.............................. First Sunrise 2005

Asakusa Kannon 。。浅草漢音

Aaron Porter Pears and Daruma, Painting

Box for grammophone needles .. a very special piece !

China : Things Chinese with Nature / Penjing
............Shuilu Liberation Ceremony / CHINA

Clay Dolls for all seasons .. Daruma on Clay Dolls

Courtesans .. Daruma and the Courtesans

Gravestones .. by Mark Schumacher
.. .. .. Ishidoro, Japanese Stone Lanterns .. by Mark Schumacher

Fishhook Daruma !!!

Fundoshi (loincloth) 褌　Fudo Myo-O and Daruma on Loincloth !

Hanga .. Japanese Prints and the World of Go / William Pinckard

Hakata Clay Dolls with Daruma

Itako Female Shamans in Japan 日本のイタコ

Kanda Myoojin and Zenigata ..　神田明神と銭型

Kimono Patterns

Koya-san in Wakayama 。。。和歌山の高野山

Manekineko <> Cats and Daruma 猫と達磨 Beckoning Cats
.. .. Manekineko .. .. Beckoning Cats and other Lucky items, Photo Gallery

Menpeki Kunen, Wallgazing for nine years

Moskitoes and Daruma .. Kutani Pottery

Museum Folk Craft Museum 民芸資料館 Tokyo

Nakamura Collection ...Papermachee Daruma Dolls

Parrot : Daruma and the Parrot

Popeye Doll Museum, Japan .. Some great papermachee Daruma Dolls

Shunga Daruma Look at the next picture too.

Seven Gods of Good Luck 。。。七福神　Shichifukujin

Sokrates meets Daruma Something to smile !

Special Purpose . Daruma for a special purpose .. a great shop collection

Sunafumi <> Walking on Holy Sand (2) 。。砂踏み

TANCHU TERAYAMA and Zen Calligraphy: Hitsuzendo

Teaching Material about Japan

Telephone Cards with Daruma

Yamanashi 山梨親子だるま

Yoshino 吉野 Cherry Blossoms and Mountain Ascetics

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

The Latest Additions


**********************
Please send your contributions to Gabi Greve
Daruma Discussion Forum

Alphabetical Index of the Daruma Museum

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worldkigo

Onna Daruma

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Onna Daruma, Daruma as a Woman
女達磨　女だるま　女ダルマ

Daruma News 2005, Nr. 7 had an interesting contribution about the female Daruma.

Murakami san listed 30 dolls from his collection.
村上本二郎

1 China, Ban futoo from Rakuyoo 洛陽の搬不倒

2 China, Santooshoo Shangdongsheng, Hoimin no Ban futoo 山東省

3 Korea, Ottoki 韓国のオットキ
ottoki in Korean means okiagari, go fall down and get up again. The dolls come in male and female form.

.....

30 Myanmar (Burma).
Little dolls are sold at the entrance to the many pagodas of Burma.


http://ldds.moo.jp/archives/2005/09/

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Female Daruma from Japan

5 Made by Bui　Hachi'emon 武井八右衛門

6 Made by Kasama Banjiroo 笠間幡次郎、筑前山川村

7 from Kagoshima 鹿児島


H12.7×W7.7×D8.6(cm) 88.6(g)
粘土、塗、紙、張り子、墨書 ／ 破損、剥離・接着不良、よごれ

特別展「大正昭和くらしの博物誌 ‐ 民族学の父・渋沢敬三とアチック・ミューゼアム ‐」
http://www.brico-art.com/date/kodomobeya.html


8 from Hiroshima 広島の女達磨



H13.2×W8.5×D8.9(cm) 57.0(g)
粘土、塗、紙、張り子、墨書、スタンプ ／ 亀裂、破損、剥離・接着不良、わん曲・変形、変色・退色、よごれ
「屋根裏の博物館 ‐ 実業家渋沢敬三が育てた民の学問 ‐」展
http://www.brico-art.com/date/kodomobeya.html


9 from Kaga 加賀の女達磨
made by Nakajima Menya from Kanazawa 金沢の中島めんやさん


10 from Fukuoka Pref. Yanagigawa 福岡県、柳川の女達磨
made by Yamashita Jinsaburoo 山下仁三郎

http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~SA9S-HND/agal-974-70.html





**********************
Please send your contributions to Gabi Greve
Daruma Discussion Forum

Alphabetical Index of the Daruma Museum

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worldkigo

Happy New 2006

All the Best for the New Year of the DOG ! 明けましたおめでとうございます ! 今年もよろしくおねがいします。 だるま資料館 ガビ　と　ベル Gabi and Bernd http://darumasan.blogspot.com/ 極楽庵俳句ギャラリー GokuRakuAn Haiku Gallery http://happyhaiku.blogspot.com/

**********************
Please send your contributions to Gabi Greve
Daruma Discussion Forum

Alphabetical Index of the Daruma Museum

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worldkigo

Nenga 2006

[ . BACK to Daruma Museum TOP . ]
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New Year 2006 年賀情報

2006 is the Year of the Dog.





From our local store, little stickers with Dog-Daruma.

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http://www.microsoft.com/japan/hagakistudio/sample2.mspx

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oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


http://www.templatebank.com/gold/nenga/eoki/default.htm

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oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


ribbon netshop
http://item.rakuten.co.jp/ribbonshop/fl-ny-03/

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Studio Gokuu
http://www.gokuu.org/greetingscontent/greetings_metatop.html

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oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo


Copyright(C) 2000-2005 Hotwill Co.
http://www.three-f.co.jp/nenga_illust/view/darum.html
http://www.hotwill.jp/

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New Year Cards by
Maekawa Senpan 2007

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©　Antoine Asseraf, 2007

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Alphabetical Index of the Daruma Museum

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worldkigo

Teragaito Kiln

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寺垣外窯 Teragaito Kiln

愛知県岡崎市竜美西２-９－１１
TEL 0564-71-0607

杉本先生の作品

達磨 DARUMA

茶陶を離れた杉本の陶塑の世界



ものの形には直接的に精神性が出るものです。例えば「達磨」という一つの精神が、作り手の達磨に対する想いと一つになって作品がいかに形に反映されるか、が大切なところです。
また同時に焼き物でもありますから、その味わいも具えている作品、この両方が調和した「かたち」の世界にとりくんでおります。
http://www.smile.cci.or.jp/hp/teragait/option7.html


Teragaito Kiln


**********************
Please send your contributions to Gabi Greve
Daruma Discussion Forum

Alphabetical Index of the Daruma Museum

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
worldkigo

Potter Lee in Mashiko

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
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Potter Lee from Mashiko



Daruma calligraphy painted by my grandfather.

Name: Lee
Location: Mashiko, Tochigi, Japan

Born in Osaka Japan, lived in same neighborhood that Sen No Rikyu was from, went to school in Michigan, moved to Minnesota to study with Dainin Katagiri Roshi, moved to Mashiko, Japan to do 3 year apprenticeship with National Living Treasure Tatsuzo Shimaoka, established my own kiln and pottery in Mashiko, Japan.

Check out Lee's BLOG for a great collection of pottery.
http://potters.blogspot.com/


Various Photologs.
http://seisokuro.blogspot.com/



Here is another site with many photos from the kiln IKIRU

The name Ikiru comes from the Akira Kurosawa movie by the same name.
In English it means: "To Live!"



Jizo Bottles, 5" Tall These bottles are inspired by the stone Jizo statues that are often see at crossroads in the countryside of Japan. Jizo is the guardian of travellers, both in this world and the next.
They are also inspired by the woodprint maker Shiko Munakata.
http://www1.ocn.ne.jp/~ikiru/


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. Mashikoyaki 益子焼 and Mingei folk craft 民芸 　


[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]

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Daruma and the Cow

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Daruma and the Cow / Oxen / Water Buffalo
牛　水牛

2009, the Year of the Ox




This is a Daruma I got from Hoorin-Ji Temple in Kyoto 法輪寺, a Daruma temple that provides clay bells of the Asian zodiac animals with a Daruma for each year. More see below.

Gabi Greve


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東京国際フォーラム前




source
http://futtemoharetemo.blog32.fc2.com/blog-entry-400.html


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The Holy Cow in India



Paint the Holy Cow.com

ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

QUOTE:
India's majority Hindu community reveres cowsand considers them to be "second mothers" .

About 8,000 years ago, the relationship between cows and man began with the revolutionary advent of domestication in Mesopotamia, the Indus River Valley, and Africa. There were many possible candidates for the job but only the cow fit the specific criteria humankind needed: not too flighty, breeds well in captivity, grows at a good pace, not aggressive, requires a low maintenance diet.

Our ancestors chose wisely: Cows provide just about all of our basic needs, from milk and meat to muscle.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/holycow/

There will be more.

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source :　blog.goo.ne.jp/seigetu23

Darumoooo !

for friends at the
Moooo! Bar Shiraishi Island, Japan
- source : www.moooobar.com

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The famous Ox-Herding Zen Paintings
Searching for the Ox


Picture Nr. 6
Coming home on the cow's back

The struggle is over; he is no more concerned with gain and loss.
He hums a rustic tune of the woodman, he sings simple songs of the village boy. Saddling himself on the cow's back, his eyes are fixed on things not of the earth, earthy. Even if he is called to, he will not turn his head; however enticed, he will no more be kept back.

Riding the cow he leisurely wends his way home,
Enveloped in the evening mist, how tunefully the flute vanishes away!
Singing a ditty, beating time, his heart is filled with a joy indescribable!
That he is now one of those who know, need it be told?



If anyone should ask the meaning of this,
Behold the lilies of the field and its fresh sweet-scented verdure.
source : 　D.T. Suzuki


Many Links to the Oxherding paintings

Oxherding pictures by TOMIKICHIRO TOKURIKI


十牛圖 Shiniu tu [Jūgyūzu] "10 Bulls"
by 廓庵師遠 Kuoan Shiyuan [Kakuan Shien]
and
by 德力富吉郎 Tokuriki Tomikichirō
source : terebess.hu
extensive reference


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Buddha Statues and Cows (Bulls, Oxen)

One of the five great wisdom kings, Daiitoku 大威徳明王, is riding a white cow, symbol of enlightenment.
大威徳明王騎牛像



The Cow is also in the seiza, seated position. Sometimes he is depicted with six legs. Sometimes he has six faces with three eyes each, making it 18 eyes.

Read Mark Schumacher about Daiitoku

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大威徳明王 Daiitoku Myo-O



Sometimes depicted with six arms and three faces, and riding on six cows.

五大明王の一。西方に配しを阿彌陀とする。三面六臂大白牛に乗る。梵名曼徳迦、降焔魔尊、六足尊など別称する。悪を伏する勢いあるを大威といい、善を護る功あるを大徳と云う。明王の中の大威徳、菩薩の中の大威徳、迦ル羅王の中の大威徳、各其の性徳を以て名付く。

別称六足尊は、この尊が六足を有すればなり。但し六頭六面六臂六足、所乗の牛も六牛なれども獨り六足と名づくるは多足は此の尊に限ればなり。西方無量壽佛の忿怒尊にして文殊菩薩の所現なり。
http://homepage3.nifty.com/MandalaExplorer/taizou_kai/tai_2/tai_010-014/tai_011.html

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Daijizai Ten 大自在天
(Makei Shura Ten 摩醯首羅天 （まけいしゅら）, Shookara, Maheshvara)
Buddhist version of the destructor Shiva or the wild Rudra.
He is seated on a black-blue water buffalo. Other sources quote a white buffalo.

Ishana Ten, protector of the North-East
also seated on a yellow buffalo. He later became Daijizai Ten.
伊舎那天　　　　東北　　　諸の魔衆の主

風力を神格化したもので、のちに大自在天、すなわちシヴァ神の化身といわれ、シヴァ神と同一視されるようになり、大自在天によくた姿をしています。忿怒相で三眼をもち、牙を上に突き出している。右手に三叉戟、左手に杯をもち牛に乗ります。 黄色の牛に乗る。浅青肉色.
http://www.sakai.zaq.ne.jp/piicats/jyuuniten.htm

Read Mark Schumacher about Daijizaiten (with illustration).

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Cow-Headed Deities

Kannon With Horse's Head (Batou Kannon Batoo Kannon, 馬頭観音)

QUOTE:

Says site reader and contributor GABI
"By neighing like a horse, these deities ward off the bad demons. Batoo Kannon has been known in Japan since 7th century. She is especially honored by the horse breeders in Northern Japan. Nowadays you even find bicycles in front of the stone votive statues on waysides.

There is also a version with the head of an ox (gotoo Kannon, gozu Kannon, gyuutoo Kannon 牛頭観音) or a pig (tontoo Kannon 豚頭観音). ”

Read Mark Schumacher on the Horse-headed Kannon

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More about the Ox-headed Kannon

Sometimes it is only a stone marker with the Chinese characters 牛頭観音 or 牛頭観世音inscribed in it.

大佐の牛頭観音群　　広島県庄原市西城町大佐
A group of Stone Statues with Ox-headed Kannon in Osa.



馬頭観音だとばかり思っていたが、よくよく見ると観音様の頭には角が生えており牛頭観音だった。 もっとも牛頭観音という観音様はいないので牛頭を抱いた馬頭観音さまということになるのだろうか。
http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~rn2h-dimr/ohaka2/20tikusan/26cyugoku/h_osa.html

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Stone Marker of Ox-headed Kannon in Kawachi

さて、牛と私たちの関係は古く、弥生時代の登呂遺跡（静岡県静岡市）から骨が発掘され、奈良時代には運搬や農耕、乳牛として飼育されたことが文献に見られます。　牛乳は当時から薬として用いられ「蘇（そ）」、「生蘇（なまそ）」と呼ばれ、現在のチーズやヨーグルトの様なものとして貴族階級などで食されていました。
http://www.town.kawachi.tochigi.jp/08tanbou/270/263.html

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More Links:

これは、本来の解釈とは異なり、無病息災(むびょうそくさい)の祈願や死んだ後の供養が目的と考えられます。　家畜に対する信仰は、馬に限らず、牛や豚にも行われるようになりました。市内にも、牛頭(ぎゅうとう)観音が存在しています。
http://www.city-sakado.com/shiryou/bunkazai/dayori2002_01/dayori_2001_12.htm

牛頭観音も馬頭観音と同様の感謝を表しているのであろう。
箱根の笹原新田で「牛馬頭観音」、興津の興津川畔で「牛頭観音」を見た。
大変珍しいものと思っていたが、実は全国的に広がっているものらしい。
http://oguri.cside1.jp/tokaimemo01.htm

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The Ox-headed Myo-O, Gozu Myoo-Oo 牛頭明王

A Statue of such a Myo-O at Hanno Town, Bamboo Temple 竹寺
There is even a special hall for this deity.



日中友好の証として牛頭明王が中国民間人有志の協力で平成４年に寄贈されました。
http://www10.ocn.ne.jp/~kosuke/hannou/hannou3.html



. Somin Shoorai Fu 蘇民将来符 Somin Shorai amulet .
and Gozu Tenno 牛頭天王


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Heavenly King with an Ox-Head,
Bull Head Heavenly King, Ox-Headed Deva King
gozu tennoo, gozu tenoo 牛頭天王
The Japanese god of plague / Der japanische Gott der Pest

Quote by Richard Thornhill

In mediaeval times, with the fusion of Shinto and Buddhism, Susa-no-O was identified with Gozu Tenno ("Bull-headed King of Heaven"), a Baal-like Hindu god of pestilence. Such identifications were formally abolished in 1868, but he is still often popularly referred to by this name, and is usually shown with bull's horns. He is also referred to simply as Tenno ("King of Heaven"), or as Gion Tenjin ("Heavenly God of Gion").

Before 1868 all Yagumo, Yasaka, Tsushima and Susa-no-O jinja, and most Suga jinja, were called Tennosha, Gozu Tennosha, Gion Gozu Tennosha, Gion Tenjin or Gion Daimyojin.
Folklore contains numerous stories about Gozu Tenno, and it was believed that, like the Greek gods, he sometimes appears in human form requesting hospitality.
http://www.geocities.com/westhollywood/heights/4617/shinto2.html


http://homepage.hispeed.ch/rumina/gozu-tenno.htm

QUOTE:
In the middle of the Heian Period the theory known as Honji Suijaku, which refers to the manifestation of Buddha in the temporary form of a Shinto deity that tries to save people, spread throughout Japan. From this period social unrest and convulsions of nature occurred, epidemics became prevalent and people were filled with fear and anxiety. Reflecting this social unrest, the Gion Shinko originated in order to pacify vengeful spirits and quell epidemics.

This faith combined worship of the most fearful and strongest Buddhist and Shinto deities, Gozu Tenno and Susano’o. Gozu Tenno, had a head like a bull and guarded a monastery called Gion Shoja where Buddha lived. Susano’o no Mikoto successfully slew an eight-headed dragon Yamata no Orochi after being banished from the Plain of High Heaven. People believed that Susano’o no Mikoto and Gozu Tenno would overcome vengeful spirits, epidemics and devils no matter how fearsome they might be. This was indeed the new faith people had been seeking.

It is widely believed among scholars that the birthplace of Gion Shinko is Susano’o Shrine situated in Shin-ichi, Hiroshima Prefecture. We have clear evidence of this as follows:

“Kibi no Makibi was a man of unequaled intelligence in those days. In the fifth year of Tempyo he returned to Japan and met Gozu Tenno (Susano’o no Mikoto) in Banshu. It is written in an ancient document called Banyoshi that Kibi no Makibi transferred the spirit of Susano’o no Mikoto from Bingo to Hiromine, Harima (present-day Hyogo Prefecture).”
http://www.fuchu.or.jp/~eguma/e%20sinkou.htm

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KIRYU GION FESTIVAL

In earlier days, the Gion Festival was called "Gion-e" or "Tenno Sairei" and was held in honor of the god, Gozu Tenno. the festival was first held in Kyoto in the year 876, celebrating the beliefs of both Buddhism and Shintoism. The tutelary god of Gion Monastery was worshipped at Gion Shrine for his protective powers. This custom spread throughout the country.

From the year 1591, the town of Kiryu was formed with the earliest record of a festival being held in 1656. This was the first "Kiryu Gion". At that time, a form of children's dancing using the hands was the focus of this simple event. Near the Honcho 3 chome housing apartments there was once a temple called Shusei-In. This temple worshipped the god Gozu Tenno.
http://www.kiea.jp/Hokoza.html

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Beginning of the Gion Matsuri

In the case of Yasaka Shrine in Kyoto, in the 18th year of Jogan the Buddhist priest Juzen Ennyo received a divine message from Gozu Tenno (Susano’o no Mikoto) and transferred the spirit of Gozu Tenno from Hiromine in Harima to Kyoto and enshrined the spirit there.
Later Mototsune Fujiwara erected a shrine in Kyoto.
http://www.fuchu.or.jp/~eguma/e%20gionmaturi.htm

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This deity became popular during the Heian period, he is venerated in the pursuit to ward off diseases and physical ailments.

牛頭天王信仰が、どのような人たちによって、どのような過程を経て、民衆の中に広まっていったかについては明らかでないが、医療技術が極めて乏しかった当時、疫病を防ぐ強い霊力を持つとされた牛頭天王に対する信仰が、平安時代末期から中世にかけて、燎源の火のように広まったことは想像に難くない。
そして、牛頭天王は略して単に「天王」と呼ばれた。民衆にとって、「てんのう」とは、天皇のことではなく牛頭天王のことであった。

Very detailed LINK:
http://www.infonet.co.jp/nobk/minoh/gozutenno.htm



. Gion Festival and related KIGO 　


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わいわい天王 - Waiwai Tenno (Hotei)
The Ryu'un-ji Collection



波屋世哉　古渡毛　和夷輪以登　葉也生
Hayase ya kodomo waiwai to hayase

Cheer me on, kids!
Shouting “yeh! yeh! yeh!”,
cheer me on!

“Waiwai” is onomatopoeia for the excited shouts of little children. The “Waiwai Tenno” were beggars who solicited alms by performing on the street and passing out talismans of the deity Gozu Tenno.

Here a Waiwai Tenno, portrayed as Hotei (that is, Hakuin), hands out his talismans, just as Hakuin freely offers his dharma teaching.
http://iriz.hanazono.ac.jp/hakuin/rekihaku/


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The God of Heavenly Punishment

-- literally "the star that metes out heavenly punishment" -- is a demon from the China's Yin-Yang tradition. In Japan, he was incorporated into Esoteric Buddhist prayers. In this painting, he is shown consuming the Ox-headed Deity (J. Gozu Tenno), the pestilence god worshipped at Gion Shrine in Kyoto.

Look at two great photos in an article of Mark Schumacher.


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牛頭天王も色々な要素が合体していてよく分からない仏様ですが、元々は牛　の神様で、京都では公家たちが牛車を使っていたため、八坂の地に牛頭天王　を祀る祠が作られたのではないかとも思われます。同じ地に祇園寺と八坂神　社もあったため、平安時代の御霊会・祇園会などを通じて次第に習合してい　ったのでしょうか。八坂神社は元々は高麗系の八坂氏の氏神で農耕神だった　ようですし、祇園寺は天神・婆利菜女・八王子を祀る寺だったようです。　

この習合の過程の中で、牛頭天王は祇園会で祓う対象としての疫神と考えら　れるようになり、また一方ではその本体は須佐之男命であると考えられるよ　うになっていきました。その場合、婆利菜女は櫛名田姫であるとします。ま　た先代旧事本紀のように、牛頭天王は大国主命であるとの説もあります。　祇園牛頭天王縁起では、牛頭天王は須弥半腹の豊饒国王武塔天王の太子で、　７歳にして身長７尺５寸、頂に３尺の牛頭があり、また３尺の赤角もある。　

長じて王位に付き、牛頭天王と称え、山鳩のお告げで大海中の婆竭羅竜王宮　に入り、第三婆利菜女を娶り、八王子を生んだ、とされています。　また別の説では、牛頭天王はインドの九相国・吉祥園の王で祇園精舎の守護　神であったとの説も聞きます。　

牛頭天王は全国の八坂神社・祇園神社・津島神社で祭られています。
(C) copyright ffortune.net 1995-2005 produced by Lumi.
http://www.ffortune.net/spirit/tera/hotoke/gozu.htm

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Demons of Hell, Gozuki Mezuki 牛頭鬼馬頭鬼

The Beasts of Hell "Gozu-Mezu" -- short for "Gozu Rasetsu" and "Mezu Rasetsu" -- refers to beasts that exist in Buddhist hell. With heads resembling those of cows (Gozu) and horses (Mezu), they are said to torture and feed upon the flesh of the deceased (those who have committed sins and are thus in hell).

Read Mark Schumacher on the topic of Gozu-Mezu



牛頭鬼・馬頭鬼
Half man, half beast. Kinnara in Indian Mythology.
Read Mark Schumacher on the topic of kinnara


印度でキンナラ。 半身半獣の神様は全体的に中南米とかアフリカ方面に多いような気が。 エジプトにはバステトという猫(ジャガーという話も) の女神がいます。

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The Ox, Bull, ushi 丑 and other animals in the Asian Zodiac
Read Mark Schumacher on the subject

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Water Buffalo, suigyuu　水牛

Nandi, the Bull of Shiva

This animal can be seen as a seat (suigyuu za 水牛座) for some Buddhist deities. Sometimes one leg is crossed, the other one hangs down on the back of the animal.

Some temples feature the statue of a bull/buffalo in front of the building dedicated to Dai Iitoku, Fudo or Emma. enma

Dai Iitoku Myo-O rides on a blue water buffalo (some sources say a white one).
大威徳明王 :青水牛座


Emma-O 閻魔王, the King of Hell, sometimes sits on a water buffalo too.


水牛に乗る閻魔天
閻魔天曼荼羅図
えんまてんまんだらず

King Emma Mandala
Silk Painting, Kamakura Period
http://bunka.nii.ac.jp/SearchDetail.do?heritageId=91020


Click HERE to look at photos from
Nandi, the mount of Lord Shiva !


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Aka-beko, a red cow protecting from smallpox
(like Daruma)



Curtesy of B & C Antiques

Read my Story about Red Things for Good Luck (engimono).

aka-beko, aka beko 赤べこ
The most important of the Aizu Papermachee Dolls is the Red Oxen, Akabeko. The red color is auspicious for warding off illnesses. Many papermachee dolls of the Aizu area are called "Red Things" (akamono) for this reason.
Red things are also good luck symbols for childrearing.

Daruma from Aizu ー　会津若松張り子　


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The Cow / Oxen, Bull as kigo for Haiku

. Gion Festival and related KIGO 　


. Legends about animals 動物と伝説 .

. Legends about the Red Cow 　赤牛と伝説 aka-ushi, akaushi .
and kuroushi, kuro-ushi 黒牛 the black cow

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