Washi, Japanese Paper

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- - Washi 和紙 Japanese Paper - - 　


http://www.tesukiwashi.jp/p/yoto_daruma.htm

This store has a great collection of links to Washi Paper and the various products made from it.
http://www.tesukiwashi.jp/p/washiseihin.htm

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. For example
はがき Hagaki, postcards
便箋・封筒 fuuto, envelopes
ランプシェード Lampshades
名刺 Meishi, Business Cards
色紙 shikishi, colored paper
人形・壁掛など Dolls and decorations for the wall
.. .. .. http://www.tesukiwashi.jp/image/echizen/echizen_ningyo.gif
.. .. .. http://www.tesukiwashi.jp/image/echizen/echizen_kabekake.jpg
座ぶとん（黒谷和紙） Zabuton, Seat cushions

Nr. 9 of these dolls is a Hime Daruma, Princess Daruma:
http://www.tesukiwashi.jp/image/ecchu/ecchu_kataezome.gif

Dolls for "Kaze no Bon" Festival
http://www.tesukiwashi.jp/image/ecchu/ecchu_kazenobon.jpg

This goes on and on...

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quoted from
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. Japan's Encounter With Paper
The Japanese people's sentiment that transcended the original use of paper


The oldest printed matter existing in the world are the "One Million Dharani Charms" of Japan. In the year 764, the Empress Shotoku, praying for peace throughout the nation, sanctioned the printing of a million paper prayers, each prayer to be enshrined in its own individual three-storied wooden pagoda with a height of 13.5 centimeters and a diameter of 10.5 centimeters at the base. Printed Buddhist prayers called Dharani were placed in a hole in the center and 100,000 each of these pagodas were allotted to ten great temples, including the Horyuji Temple of Nara, Yamato Province.

At a time when paper making techniques made a rapid advance, the Japanese people were not satisfied with simply paper on which words could be written and which could be preserved well. They demanded a special harmony and beauty, depending on the use and the taste of the user. Just for "irogami" (colored paper) and "tanzaku" (strip of fancy paper for the writing of poems) alone, many different kinds were made, ranging from the ornate to the simple, to match the poem's content and calligraphic style. The complex demands were fully met by the paper making artisans.

Washi was often used as a gift among the upper classes of society in ancient times and the Middle Ages. For instance, when members of the nobility visited each other, it was customary to take along white paper of high quality. This was presented with the thought that the person visited was a man of culture-so please use this for composing poems or copying a sutra." This refined custom continued until recent times.

Even on the battlefield, it was considered good taste for a warlord to carry thich Washi called "hikiawase" with him. The original meaning of "hikiawase" was the place for tightening body armor. It was usually located on the body armor's right side. Warriors found it convenient to put paper and writing equipment here and it was from this that the name of the paper originated. Besides for official communications, the paper was used for writing poems, miscellaneous notes and records.

Choths made from Washi


Eventually the uses of Washi spread beyond writing, painting and printing. Washi was the first paper in the world to be employed widely for daily necessities. Washi imparted many benefits and had a splendid practicability in the life of the Japanese people as a whole.

When well used Washi is torn into a ribbon-like form and twisted with the hands, this becomes what is known as "koyori." It is generally used as a string to bind sheets of paper. In addition, a large number of "koyori" can be combined in different shapes and lacquered for "koyori handiwork."

The many kinds of "koyori handiwork" such as bowl, plate, cigarette case, lunch box and "kori" (hamper with cover for containing clothing-made with consideration for ventilation) are lightweight and splendid craft work. It is a traditional industrial art born out of the attachment felt by people who did not want to waste even a fragment of Washi.


This is an amazing article on three pages,
please look at the big pictures and read the original here:
http://www.jgc.co.jp/waza/b4_washi/washi01.htm

About the making of Washi
http://www.jgc.co.jp/waza/b4_washi/washi03.htm


Safekeep copy is here:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/DarumaArchives-002/message/55

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--- Material used for Washi

choshi 楮紙 mulberry tree paper

hishi 　岩菲紙　/ 雁皮紙 (がんぴし)　　
Ganpi plant, Wikstroemia Sikokiana

mashi 麻紙 hemp paper

mitsumata 三椏紙 Edgeworthia chrysantha (J. mitsumata)

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Another informative page about Washi Paper.

Washi is the Japanese word for the traditional papers made from the long inner fibres of three plants, wa meaning Japanese and shi meaning paper. As Japan rushes with the rest of the world into the 21st Century, and more modern technologies take over, machines produce similar-looking papers which have qualities very different from authentic washi. As of the fall of 1994, there remain roughly 350 families still engaged in the production of paper by hand.

History
Raw Materials
Methods of Production
Features of Washi
Uses for Washi
http://www.japanesepaperplace.com/abt-japanese-paper/about-washi.htm

Something for everyone...
Who uses these papers? The sky's the limit! But here are some whose work can greatly benefit:
Artists
Bookbinders
Conservators
Craftspersons
Graphic Designers
Interior Designers
Manufacturers
Painters & Drawers
Printmakers

As time goes on, modern technology replaces much of the traditional process. Still there are those papermakers left who will not compromise.
According to the Japanese, "Things of excellence shall not die."

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The Great Washi Paper Sculptor,
Uchiumi Kiyoharu 内海清美

Uchiumi made a show of washi puppets relating to the life of Kuukai, Kooboo Daishi (Kukai, Kobo Daishi).

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

■内海清美の物語空間 　　和紙人形による空海の世界
The world of Kukai, made of Washi Paper


One example, Chapter 10
第十章　即身成仏
嵯峨天皇は南都六宗と北嶺（比叡山）の高僧、および空海の八人を宮中の清涼殿に召集、それぞれの宗旨の真髄を聴聞します。これは八宗論として伝えられています。 　その場での各宗の高僧は、すべて成仏の経路は三劫成仏［さんごうじょうぶつ］といって、長い年月の修行を果たした後にはじめて成仏できるという未来成仏を説きます。 　これに対し空海は一人「自心の源底を知るものは仏の心を知る。仏の心を知るものは衆生の心を知る。仏の生命を覚り、これと一体化して生きる肉体そのままで速やかに仏になることができる。それは仏の三密と人間の三業とが不二になる境地である」と真言宗の即身成仏を説き、一座の天皇と高僧たちの前で、手に印契を結び、口に真言を唱え、心を仏の三昧に住するという三密行を示し、自身金剛身（大日如来）となり即身成仏の境地に入ってみせ、体から黄金の光を放ちます。 　他宗の高僧たちはこの光景にすっかり畏敬し、天皇の空海への信頼は一層高まります。
quoted from mikkyo21



There is a Museum with the Sculptures of Uchiumi san.
Genji Paper Sculpture Museum

This museum exhibits Japanese paper carvings and sculptures of Mr. Kiyoharu Uchiumi. He has reproduced some scenes from the Tales of Genji, which is the masterpiece written by Murasaki Shikibu in the Heian period.Mr. Uchiumi's aim is that visitors appreciate his works with all their five senses. Lighting and music complement and allow full expression of his works The entire exhibition hall is a big stage, and the spectators walk by and appreciate individual scenes on the stage.
http://www.archphoto.it/IMAGES/asia/hayakusa/mats.htm

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. Asakusagami, Asakusa-gami　浅草紙　 .
Paper made in Edo
kamisukishi、kamisuki shi 紙漉き師 making paper, paper making artisan
kamiya, kami-ya　紙屋 paper maker
- Kamisukichoo　紙漉町　Kamisuki-Cho district
sukikaeshi, suki-kasehi 漉き返し業者 re-making of paper

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Echizen Washi 越前和紙 paper from Echizen

Otaki Jinjya 大瀧神社
Okata Jinja 岡太神社
福井県今立郡今立町粟田部 Fukui

Shrine for the deity of washi paper

Taketsunomi 建角身（たけつのみ）命
Kunisatsuchi 国狭槌（くにさつち）尊
Oonamuchi 大己貴（おおなむち）命


source :　www.echizenwashi.jp


quote
History of Echizen Washi
A paper goddess teaching people how to make paper

Legend has it that about 1,500 years ago a woman taught people in this area how to make paper with the natural materials from special plants for washi called Kozo, because she had sympathy on them since they did not have any rice fields to make a living. She mysteriously disappeared to the upper river, so she was named "Kawa-kami Gozen", meaning "upriver princess" in Japanese.
Since then, the princess has been enshrined as a paper goddess with two local gods in Okamoto Otaki Shrine.



川上御前 Kawakami Gozen, deity of washi paper 紙祖神

They say she might have been from Korea or China.
Around that period, there had been many people from China passing through Korea to bring their techniques to Japan, which later became the present Japanese handcrafts. The Fukui accent is very similar to the Korean one, due to the fact that Fukui was one of the main locations Koreans could first land on naturally with the strong tide of the sea. When they landed, they only found a vast swamp, which made it difficult for them to settle in. As a result, they went to the surrounding mountain valleys to live. These locations are the origins of where pottery, lacquerware, knives and Washi (Japanese traditional paper) are made, according to some studies.

Since then Washi has been a main industry in the Echizen area. There are now about 70 factories that use either handmade, industrial, or processing methods, with about 500 people working in Washi related jobs in the Imadate area "Goka".

五箇地区
"Goka" is called by five villages of the town, Oizu, Iwamoto, Shinzaike, Sadatomo and Otaki, in all together. This area have been producing Japanese paper since 6th century and constitute "Echizen Washi no Sato".

There used to be lots of paper villages every where in Japan, but it is veryunusual to see an area like Echizen only making paper through all the year, whereas the others used to make paper only in winter when they didn't producerice. As a result, Echizen is one of the largest handmade paper industries in Japan along with Tosa in Kochi and Mino in Gifu Prefectures.
The Royal family sometimes uses Echizen Washi to announce their baby’s birth with their names on it.

Here, there are many old people interested in Echizen Washi history and keep studying with the old documents by themselves. The above-stated are from my own studies taught by some of them. Now I am studying about the exported paper from Echizen during the edo period, when the central government closed most of the ports but Nagasaki only open to China and Holland.
source : www.echizenwashi.jp/english


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Paper from San-In 山陰 - Tottori and Shimane
Izumo and Inaba

Inshuu washi 因州和紙　Inshu Washi



quote
Inshu, also called Inaba, is the feudal name for an area that today lies in the eastern part of Tottori Prefecture. Today the production scale of Inshu washi (Japanese hand-molded paper) at two towns of Aoya Town and Saji Village in east Tottori Prefecture is second in Japan only to that of Echizen washi in Fukui Prefecture. In a region blessed by top-quality water that comes from crystal-clear streams deep in the mountains, the successful history of Inshu washi stretches back more than 1,000 years.
..... The high-quality calligraphy paper has long been prized for the way in which it subtly enhances the shading in the flow of the ink, and Inshu washi remains one of the country's most sought-after papers for calligraphy. ...
source : web-japan.org


. Folk Craft and Art from Tottori .


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Izumo Washi　出雲和紙　Washi paper from Izumo



quote
Izumo Folkcraft Paper
The Izumo region, in the West part of Japan, has been documented as a paper production area since ancient times.
Former Living National Treasure Eishirou Abe built upon this local tradition, and with the counsel of the founder of the Folkcraft Movement Soetsu Yanagi, established Izumo Folkcraft Paper.
Currently, the spirit and skill of Eishirou Abe has been passed to his grandsons, Shinichirou and Norimasa Abe.
..... In 1983, Mr. Abe established "Abe Eishirou Memorial Hall", where a wide and varied collection of literature and materials related to Washi, and many items made of Washi are exhibited. Next to the Hall is the Washi Denshusho Hall where individuals can personally experience the Japanese handmade papermaking process.
Raw Materials for Japanese Papermaking
In Japanese papermaking, a wide variety of fibers are used, but originally, fibers such as hemp, kozo, and gampi were prevalent. During the Edo period (1600-1868), mitsumata began to be used, and currently, kozo, mitsumata and gampi have become the typical fibers used for Japanese papermaking. Other suitable fibers for papermaking include straw, kuwa, bamboo, and wood pulp. Also, in recent years, the use of imported Thai kozo, Philippine gampi, and Manila Hemp (Abaca) is increasing.
Gampi (Diplomorpha Sikokiana Honda)
Kozo (Broussonetia Kazinoki Sieb)
Mitsumata (Edgeworthia Chrysantha Lindle)
source : www.mable.ne.jp/~mingeishi


quote
The decrease in papermaking households has also happened here in Yakumo-cho; this area which used to have approximately 30 mills has now shrunken to just our house, Izumo Washi.
... The true enjoyment of papermaking comes when the papermaker and the user are able to become one. It should also be said that papermaking isn’t a one-person job. At the moment, myself, my wife, my younger brother, my eighty-year old mother, an intern and two women from the neighborhood make a total of seven of us doing the work needed. I am especially thankful to my family’s cooperation at the mill. This is the secret to making great paper. ...
Shinichiro Abe
source : www.hiromipaper.com


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出雲から紙来て障子あらたまる　
Izumo kara kami kite shooji aratamaru

from Izumo
paper came and we renew
the sliding doors

Ameyama Minoru

The strong washi paper from Izumo was especially liked for shoji.

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. shichoo 紙帳 ( しちょう) mosquito net made of washi paper
shichoo uri 紙帳売（しちょううり） vendor of the above　
kigo for all summer



. Paper robes and paper making as KIGO 　


. Chiyogami 千代紙 colored printed paper


. kami 紙 paper art and craft 　.


. Regional Folk Art and Crafts from Japan .



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Take - Bamboo Art

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Bamboo, the Asian Plant 竹とだるま


Daruma carved from a Bamboo root
This is a common rendering of Daruma san in bamboo.

Bamboo is maybe the most representative plant of Asia. The bamboo grove with the seven sages of old China 竹林七賢 has enchanted Asian art for hundreds of years.

Read more about them and the Haiku connection here:
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2005/02/bamboo-take.html


Here are some more Bamboo Daruma
A typical Chinese carving, Daruma enjoying the spring flowers in my garden.


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A bamboo vase with a delicate Daruma carving


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Chami with Daruma Carving 茶箕（ちゃみ）
A sort of spoon used to take tea leaves out of the container.


chasaji 茶さじ bamboo tea spoon


They come in all kinds of sizes, here are just three of my collection.

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The best book on bamboo is
"Bamboo" by Robert Austin and Ueda Koichiro,
with photographs by Dan Levy and published by Weatherhill, 1970.

Mark Schumacher has a fine page about Bamboo Art.
Throughout Asia, the bamboo motif has been used since ancient times in paintings, scrolls, pottery, and other art forms. Below are some of my favorites. Some were scanned from temple brochures, others are digital photos of artwork I own, and some from contemporary artists showing their pieces on the web.
http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/bamboo.shtml


"Perhaps the most distinctive feature associated with minka (literally, "house of the people"--an architectural style from the late twelfth to the mid-nineteenth century) is the thatched roof, and it is here that bamboo's contribution to Japanese architecture is first identified. As traditionally constructed, an elaborate grid system of whole bamboo poles, tied in place with ropes of rice straw (wara) or split bamboo, supported the weight of these massive roofs.

Visible only from the interior, or at the edges of the eaves outside, this network formed the skeletal system of the entire roofline. Occasionally, a simple open grid of bamboo poles was also placed over the thatch and lashed in place as an additional measure to secure the thatch from above. Quite simply constructed, this exterior grid was easy to repair or replace. A whole length of bamboo, sometimes complete with root ball, was a striking ornament across a roof ridge."
http://www.japanese-interiors.com/bamboo.htm

Minka　民家:
a documentary video about a farmhouse in Japan
source : www.kickstarter.com

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Japanese Bamboo Baskets from the
Lloyd Cotsen Collection
Mr. Cotsen says:
"I was attracted by the tensions created by the balancing of forces: of cohesion and chaos, structure and nature, refinement and exuberance, and, ultimately, simplicity and complexity."

More about this famous exhibition of
Bamboo Baskets

The very nature of bamboo is ambiguous: it is a species of grass with treelike qualities; it has a hollow interior yet is amazingly strong; it is used as everything from a building material to a food. Bamboo is also mysterious: it is said to flower only once in a plant's lifetime, and then only once in a hundred years.

Astonishing and poetic by nature, this uniquely arborescent plant has profound cultural significance in Japan. The oldest narrative about bamboo, written by an unknown author in the early Heian period (794-1185), tells a story of a "shining princess of gracious bamboo" (nayotake no kaguyahime).
She was so named because an elderly bamboo cutter found her inside a stalk of bamboo, shining like the moonlight. The princess matured, as quickly as bamboo grows, to be a legendary beauty. At the end of the story, she returns to the celestial realm of the moon, where she had been fated to reside. At the height of the courtly culture of Heian-period Japan, bamboo inspired many poets and writers.

This sensitivity to bamboo's subtle beauty and strength continued, influencing compositions of lyrical Noh drama in the Muromachi period (1338-1573) as well as the secular theater of Kabuki in the Edo period (1600-1867).



Bamboo's physical characteristics of flexibility and strength were associated with a literati ideal during the Song period in China (960- 1279). The flexibility that keeps the stalk unbroken implies the invincible moral stance of the literati, and the property to split resolutely in half is associated with the quality of candor.

The motif of bamboo grouped with a pine tree and plum blossoms (shôchikubai in Japanese) was introduced to Japan in the Muromachi period (1338- 1573) and symbolizes perseverance in the rigors of life. Although bamboo's association with the literati philosophy has diminished over time, it is still an auspicious sign widely recognized in Japan.

source
http://www.asiasociety.org/arts/baskets/bamboo.html

Bamboo Baskets and the Tea Ceremony
As with other objects in the repository, many of the baskets are probably of foreign origin. Appreciation of Chinese baskets continued to the time of Ashikaga Yoshimasa (1436- 1490), the eighth shôgun in the Muromachi period. Tradition credits Yoshimasa for the first use of a bamboo basket for secular flower arrangement. An enthusiast for emulating Chinese culture, Yoshimasa most likely used a basket imported from China to re-enact a cultural activity prevalent there.


Until the sixteenth century, baskets valued for aesthetic qualities by the Japanese were limited to those imported from China. Reflecting the philosophy and formalism of the dominant Confucianism, Chinese baskets display perfect symmetry in form and weave techniques that are regular. However, Japanese farmers and commoners had been making and using much simpler and casually woven bamboo baskets for both religious and secular purposes. The first crucial turning point in the history of Japanese basketry resulted from the codification of a Japanese-style tea ceremony, chanoyu, by the sixteenth-century tea master, Sen no Rikyû (1521- 1591). With chanoyu, particularly a type called wabi-cha or withered-tea style, Rikyû advocated an aesthetic opposite of that of the Chinese-style tea ceremony. He encouraged appreciation of unpretentious beauty in imperfection and the simplicity of daily utensils. Thus, daily baskets, often irregular in shape and weave, were welcomed for the display of flowers in a tokonoma (alcove) of a teahouse. This development in the tea ceremony led to the categorization of baskets into two styles-- wamono (Japanese things) and karamono (Chinese things).

By definition, wamono baskets are either direct descendants of farming or fishing implements, or they take inspiration from the informal qualities in design and weaves of those utilitarian items. Rikyû even used a simple cut section of a bamboo stalk, the style called zundo, which was often used by commoners as an inexpensive alternative to a flower vase. In another instance, his adaptation of a creel he saw being used by a fisherman at the Katsura River in Kyoto as a flower basket stimulated creation of a new style of baskets, referred to as Katsura-kago. This incorporation of native baskets to chanoyu also affected the emergence of a new style of flower arrangement, called chabana (flowers for tea), which ultimately aims to display flowers in a state as natural as possible.


Japanese Bamboo Basket Makers



Contemporary basket makers
are well aware of the shifting consciousness about baskets among the publicóa willingness to view baskets as art objects even as they continue to serve utilitarian functionsóand are eager to experiment with formal transformation in their creations. Perhaps, what allows basket making to escape conventional classifications of art is that the makers consider themselves to be artists and artisans, not one or the other. Ultimately, the expressive vocabulary of individual makers harmoniously coexists with the long tradition of Japanese basketry, with the organic warmth and flexibility of the material, and with our basic desire for the enrichment of our surroundings.


. . . Resources : Japanese Bamboo Baskets !

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. Arima kago　有馬籠　bamboo baskets from Airma Hot Spring .

It is said that Saint Kennyo gifted an Arima Basket to Nene, wife of Hideyoshi, as an Arima souvenir. The basket is also a bamboo craft which Sen no Rikyu　千利休　visiting Arima with Taiko Hideyoshi ordered to make as one of his tea ceremony’s tools.

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.. .. .. .. .. .. China and Bamboo

"My new Province is a land of bamboo groves; their shoots in spring fill the valleys and hills. The mountain woodman cuts an armful of them and brings them down to sell at the early market. Things are cheap in proportion as they arc common', for two farthings I buy a whole bundle, put the shoots in a great earthen pot, and steam them over the boiling rice. Their purple nodules broken, they suggest an old brocade; their white skin gleams like new pearls."
PO CHU-I (A.D. 772-846)

.. .. .. .. .. Symbolism of Bamboo

Along with the winter plum and pine tree, the bamboo forms the Trio of the Winter Friends depicted so frequently in Chinese art. It represents resistance to hardship and the smooth expanse between its nodes symbolizes virtue or a long distance between faults. The hollow interior is a sign of modesty signifying the inner emptiness which is the characteristic of the scholar-gentleman who is upright in bearing but humble. Because of these venerable associations, the bamboo is the emblem of the Buddha.

In India the seven-knotted bamboo staff indicates seven degrees of initiation and invocation which are rooted in wisdom and gentleness. This combination of unostentatious flexibility and immense strength is the key to understanding the natural symbol of the bamboo.

They say the wise bamboo bows before the wind but never breaks, and so the wise man lays low before the storm but rises up fresh and unbroken when it has run its course. The bamboo's gracefulness and constant growth exemplify a yielding but enduring strength and pliability which the Japanese take as the symbol of good breeding, lasting friendship and longevity.

The long canes reaching ever upwards represent truthfulness, while the curved branchlets and trembling leaves express a beauteous devotion. So auspicious and beauteous are the symbolic characteristics of bamboo that it has served as the most enduring motif in oriental art, and many a family in feudal Japan proclaimed at least a partial exemplification of them by adopting a bamboo design as its identifying crest.

Read a lot more about Bamboo in Asia here:
http://theosophy.org/tlodocs/symbols/Bamboo-0481.htm

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TROCADERO has a fine collection of more than 800 bamboo pieces.
http://www.trocadero.com/

My Photo Collection of Bamboo Art
竹美術の写真
.. Daruma and Bamboo Art Album

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垣竹と蜻蛉と映る障子かな .
kaki-dake to tombo to utsuru shooji kana!

on my paper window
the shadow of a dragonfly
and the bamboo fence

許白 Kyohaku

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With more images at jcrafts.com.
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. hina matsuri 雛祭り Hina Doll festival .
Girls Festival March 3

Many poor farmers prepared simple dolls from the local bamboo. Some are now rather artistic.

takebina 竹雛　hina dolls from bamboo


source :　hajimetngc.exblog.jp



source :　blogs.yahoo.co.jp/c5xxtamachan

From Asuke village, Chuma, Mikawa, Aichi 中馬 - 足助

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##take #bamboo #bambooart

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SCROLLS - sumie, suiboku

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Paintings and prints of Daruma San .
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Scrolls with Daruma 掛け軸 kakejiku

Many Daruma Scrolls introduced here are from extensive internet search of Ebay, Trocadero and other soucres.
http://www.trocadero.com/


Since they usually disappear soon from the web, I have prepared a safecopy in my photoalbum.
... gabigreve /album/

I wish to express my thanks to the many dealers who show their Daruma scrolls online. If this little collection would help to promote the sales, I will be happy ! And if you want to share them here directly too, please go ahead.



CLICK for more images.


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source :　arttattler.com

Suiô Genro (Japanese, 1716-1789)
遂翁元廬 (1717 - 1790) Suio Genro


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from Tomioka collection 富岡重憲コレクション
- source : waseda.jp/aizu - Aizuyaichi museum -


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Zen Art Gallery Shambhala


In Zen art, the master does not paint Daruma as an historical figure (or even a saint) but as a symbol of penetrating insight, self-reliance, ceaseless diligence, and the rejection of all externals. In order to bring the image of Daruma to life with brush and ink, the artist must become Daruma. Thus, a Daruma painting is a spiritual self-portrait, based on the individual experience of each Zen master.

Look at this great Gallery of Daruma Scrolls.
... www.shambhala.com/zenart/

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Jcollector

Daruma Under Bo Tree, Taisho


Humorous painting on Japanese Zen scroll featuring Daruma sitting beneath a bo tree, Taisho Era, c. 1912-1926. Colorful depiction with ink and colors on silk. Daruma, also known as Boddhidharma, is the known as the first patriarch of Zen Buddhism and said to have founded Kung Fu in China. In this entertaining rendering, he is pictured meditating under the halo of a bo tree. This unusual combination of a serious pose taken aback by an amusingly rendered expression gives an eye-catching overall effect.
Dimensions: 79” high, 21.5” wide.
Nr. 58/59
See Photo Album

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- - - - - More in the album
- source : Dariusz on facebook

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Gaun (1633 - 1701) - Crimson Daruma
This is a 17th Century painting of the enigmatic Daruma. Depicted with his robe clutched tightly to himself and his face is set in deep concentration. He appears to be summoning his will to control the tumultuous thoughts within. The calligraphic inscriptions are signed Myoitsu, and the top seal below his signature also reads Myoitsu. The seal below this reads Gaun. Gaun (Arima Ryodai) was a practitioner of calligraphy and tea ceremony in Kyoto. He died in 1701 at the age of 69. The larger seal at the top left reads ‘Zenkoku …….Hakurankai’. This translates to ‘the all Japan exhibition of painted treasures’. The painting has just been cleaned and re-mounted – the previous brocade was worn beyond repair. The gold used for the calligraphy, and the deep, crimson red pigments of his robe have faded. It is now in fine condition, and completely stable. The scroll measures 77 by 20 inches.
Nr. 60/61
See Photo Album

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.. .. .. .. .. .. The Kura
Murasakino Kita-ku Kyoto

The Kura was established in 1994 in the ancient capitol and cultural heart of Japan, Kyoto. It has a lot of other Daruma items too.
http://www.the-kura.com/

WILD VINTAGE Japanese DARUMA SCROLL, GOZAN
An erratic mid 20th century Daruma painting signed Gozan in the original signed wooden box; the almost frenzied aspect of the brushwork balanced with the morose look on the legendary figures face. Of course, the Daruma is the founder of Zen Buddhism, and is attributed by the Chinese as the originator of Shao-Lin Kung-Fu. We have been unable to find any information on Gozan; however the name (five mountains) is certainly that of a priest (as originally in Japan the five main sects of Buddhism were represented by five mountain temples). The watercolor and ink on paper image, taken from an unusual angle and reminiscent of the works of the artist Tessai, is set in a very clean border of dark brown cloth, extended in beige. There is some age staining present on the image, but due to the peculiar style of the painting, actually blends in to the background. The scroll measures 19-1/4 by 62 inches (48 x 155 cm).
Nr. 21/22
See Photo Album



ZENGA DARUMA SCROLLS, KIUN



A lovely Sanpuku set of three bright early 20th century sumi-e scrolls, Ichi-gyo Calligraphy scrolls framing an image of the Daruma, legendary founder of Zen Buddhism. The signature is a bit difficult to read, but the stamps read Kiun (upper) and Hosen (lower). Typical of characters used for a priestfs name. Each ink work is framed in fresh green brocade featuring bone rollers and measures 7-1/4 by 77-1/2 inches (18.5 x 197 cm).

Six Tips to Protect Your Hanging Scrolls

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Six Tips to Protect Your Hanging Scrolls
When it comes to hanging scrolls, conservators believe that preventive care is the best medicine.
Tip #2 Handle scrolls in the traditional manner
- source : www.asianart.org

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Photo from my friend Ishino



Detail



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"Daruma riding leaves to cross the seas to Japan"
attributed to Hokusai or Oi (葛飾 応為, c. 1800–c. 1866), his daughter.

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My LINKs

Scroll in a Tokonoma, Japan

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...................... Look at My Photo Album


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fuuchin, fūchin 風鎮 Fuchin, hanging-scroll weight




. . . CLICK here for Photos !

- reference -

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sumi-e 墨絵 painting with ink and brush

Ink and wash painting is an East Asian type of brush painting also known as ink wash painting. Only black ink — the same as used in East Asian calligraphy — is used, in various concentrations.
In Western art, works on paper in similar techniques are generally classified with drawings.
..... Ink wash painting developed in China during the Tang Dynasty (618-907).
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



SUMI-E SOCIETY OF AMERICA
East Asian Brush Painting
source : www.sumiesociety.org

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Sumitsubo Gassen　

Kobaien Nara, Tsubai-Cho 7 - 古梅園 - 古墨 古梅園
奈良県奈良市椿井町７
source : 古梅園

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. Paintings of Daruma
how to paint your own Daruma ! .


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suibokuga 水墨画　ink paintings



When you draw the traditional images, such as geisya, samurai or Buddha, it is key point how to draw the neck line. I build up the neck line of this dharma image inspired by Sesshu and Hakuin.

Kazu Shimura
Look at a video of this painting in process:
source : sumi-e.jp/museum/bodydharma.htm

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二荒山墨絵ぼかしに霾れり
Futaara san sumie bokashi ni tsuchi fureri

an ink painting
of Futarasan in all gradations -
it is raining sand

Matsuzaki Tetsunosuke

. Yellow sand 　黄砂 (こうさ) koosa .

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墨絵にもほのかなる紅風光る
sumi-e ni mo honoka naru momiji kaze hikaru

even in this ink painting
a tint of red autumn leaves -
shining wind

Fukushima Kazu 福島加津




曙の墨絵の雲や糸ざくら
akebono no sumi-e no kumo ya itozakura

in morning dawn
the clouds like ink paintings -
hanging cherry blossoms

Izumi Kyooka 泉鏡花 Izumi Kyoka
(1873 - 1939)




簀戸ごしに浮世のさまの墨絵めく
sudo goshi ni ukiyo no sama na sumi-e meku

Oosaka Getsuooshi 逢坂月央子 Osaka Getsuoshi




かかりたる墨絵達磨の忌日かな
kakaritaru sumi-e Daruma no kinichi kana

Tokumoto Eisui 徳本映水


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杉山の墨絵ぼかしに牡丹鍋
sugiyama no sumi-e bokashi ni botan nabe

the ink painting
of a cedar forest in all gradations -
wild boar stew

Kiuchi Shooshi 木内彰志 Kiuchi Shoshi
(1935 - 2006）



source :　www.grace-tsumugi.com

A Sumi-e hanging scroll decorated with pine trees and clouds,
by Shibata Zeshin.

柴田是真　墨絵杉山


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source : buddhanet.net/lineart...

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. Paintings and prints of Daruma San .
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]

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Menpeki Kunen <> Wall Gazing

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
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Wall-gazing Daruma <> Menpeki Kunen
.. .. .. .. .. .. 面壁九年の修行
mempeki kunen
私、ガビはPCの画面ペキ１０年のかも。。。
I am sitting in front of my GAMEN ... the computer screen
for more than 10 years ...

Bodhidharma's years of meditation are represented with images of a seated monk facing a cave-wall called "Wall gazing" (Menpeki Daruma 面壁達磨). Related are depictions of the disciple Hui-ke presenting his cut-off arm (*Eka Dampi 慧可断臂) as a sign of his serious desire to study meditation with the Indian master.
http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/d/daruma.htm


http://www1.pref.shimane.lg.jp/contents/sam/ja/colle/colle_01_08.html

Painting at the Shimane Art Museum

下村観山 Shimomura Kanzan
http://www2.pref.shimane.jp/sam/ja/colle/colle_01_08.html


Zenbunka Small Painting
http://www.komazawa-u.ac.jp/~zenbunka/images/daien.jpg
http://www.komazawa-u.ac.jp/~zenbunka/daruma.htm

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quote
John Stevens about Zen Art

On occasion, Zen artists combine Daruma and enso into one image as we see in this piece (Figure 7) by Seiin Onjiku (1767 -1830). Normally with such an inscription: "Who said, 'My heart is like the autumn moon?"' The enso would be placed at the top of the paper; here, however, Seiin has set the moon-mind at the bottom to represent Daruma "wall-gazing" (mempeki), illumined by the moonbeams of enlightenment.

Further, the inscription reminds us that, despite vast differences in time and place, the minds of the Patriarch, the Chinese poet Han-shan (to whom the verse refers), the Japanese monk who created the painting, and that of the modern viewer are essentially the same. Totally unaffected, Seiin's brushwork is soft and warm and the bokki radiates gentle light.

http://www.zenpaintings.com/images/stevens7-small.jpg

Read all about Zen Painting by John Stevens here
http://www.zenpaintings.com/stevens.htm

Safekeep copy
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/DarumaArchives-002/message/44

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CLICK for more photos .

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Daruma jako mistr bojových umění, 1800–1838
Takeda Mocugai

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A Doll from Hakata showing Daruma wallgazing


http://www.hakata-doll.co.jp/sampl/d_disp_warabe.cgi?rec=421


By this way, here are many more Hakata Dolls with Daruma and a few other famous figures. Do not miss a quick look here. Even Charlie Chaplin is here in the last row.
http://www.hakata-doll.co.jp/Gazou/sonota.htm

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Bodhidharma was born in Kanchi in the Southern Indian kingdom of Pallava between 440 and 470. His spiritual instructor was the monk Prajnatara. He told him to travel to China and he came there by ship somewhere between 475 to 520. Legend has it that he spent nine years in meditation, where he used to sit facing the rock wall of a cave that's about a mile from the Shaolin Temple. Thus he won the title "the wall-gazing brahmin".

"The buddha in the mind is like a fragrance in a tree. The buddha comes from a mind free of suffering, just as a fragrance comes from a tree free of decay. There's no fragrance without a tree and no buddha without the mind. If there's a fragrance without a tree it's a different fragrance. If there's a buddha without your mind, it's a different buddha."
http://www.santosha.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWPROD&ProdID=766


Just another Daruma


Photo : http://www.santosha.com/



Exhibition of Daruma Scrolls at the Japanese Temple
Choo-on-ji 潮音寺

インドで生まれて中国に渡り崇山少林寺で９年間座禅を組んで悟りに達したといいます（面壁九年）。あまり長い間座禅をしていたために足が腐ってしまったという俗説があのユーモラスなダルマ人形を生んだともいいます。
http://www8.plala.or.jp/rikan/jihouten/daruma/daruma-ten.htm

Click on the .jpg here to see the pictures.
http://www8.plala.or.jp/rikan/jihouten/daruma/

The Temple Choo-on-ji
http://www8.plala.or.jp/rikan/

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The place in China where Daruma practiced austerities.
巨大な達磨大師の像。この下が達磨洞。
達磨大師が修行したときは、当然何もなかった。



.. .. .. Look at more pictures here:
http://www1.odn.ne.jp/~shaolin/album/daruma_dou.htm

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.. .. .. .. Some Paintings

See my Photo Album, Pictures Nr. 41 to 52, start here.
..... ALBUM PAGES


Wall-Gazing Daruma
by Mamiya Eiju (1871-1945)
http://www.shambhala.com/zenart/images/scrolls/detail/roll9_f2.gif
http://www.shambhala.com/zenart/html/gallery/detail/d8.cfm

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Wall-Gazing Daruma
by Kozan Saisho (d.1901)

Enlightenment is the singular taste (of Zen).
Clouds may cover the moon (of illumination),
But soon spring returns in full force,
And nature flourishes like the evergreen pine.
Reside in high mountains and beside flowing streams,
traverse deep valleys and all will be well.

(signed) Kozan Saisho

...zenart.shambhala.com/


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The Practice of "Silent Illumination" (mo-chao)
by Master Sheng Yen

Quote from the middle, read it all here:
http://www.chan1.org/ddp/chanmag/spr1999.html

Bodhidharma himself is said to have taught, "If you wish to cast aside the false and return to true, concentrate and settle your mind in wall-gazing.
Self and other, the unenlightened and the saintly are all as one. Abide securely in this and do not stray."

The Hsin hsin ming (Inscription on Having Faith in the Mind) attributed to the third patriarch, Seng-ts'an (d. 606), states: "The two come when there is [a notion of] one[ness], so oneness also must not be adhered to. When a single thought does not arise, the myriad things are without defect." And again, "All wise ones throughout the ten directions penetrate this essential truth; this essential [moment of] truth is neither pressingly short nor lengthy. An instant of thought is ten thousand years."

Safekeep copy is here
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/DarumaArchives-002/message/45

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Jiun Onko 1718-1808
Wall Gazing Daruma

Take a good look and discover
That one's true nature
Is an inexhaustible treasure
Transmitted from generation
To generation

http://www.skillfulmeditation.org/

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Just for the record,
there is even a Sake ricewine called “menpeki kunen” .
I tried it of course and can highly recommend it after nine years of looking at the "gamen" of my computer.


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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

.面壁の三介どのや五月雨
mempeki no sansuke dono ya satsuki ame

a servant in Zen meditation
faces a wall...
Fifth Month rain

In Issa's time sansuke was a manservant or an attendant in a bathhouse.
If he is a bathhouse servant, his "sitting Zen meditation facing a wall" (mempeki) might indicate a lack of customers; the Fifth Month rains have kept people away. "Fifth Month rain" (samidare) pertains to the old lunar calendar; it would be June rain in the present calendar.

David Lanoue


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Read about Daruma and the courtesans sitting for ten years

nine years or ten <>
not even waiting for
things to come

http://darumasan.blogspot.com/2005/01/daruma-and-courtesans.html
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/happyhaiku/message/1113

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Hakata Dolls / 博多人形 more Hakata Clay Dolls

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[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #menpeki #mempeki -
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TENGU and DARUMA

[ . BACK to Daruma Museum TOP . ]
. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア　- Tengu ABC-List .
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Tengu and Daruma 天狗とだるま


Tengu from Mount Takao

Tengu (天狗, "heavenly dogs")
are a class of supernatural creatures found in Japanese folklore, art, theater, and literature. They are one of the best known yōkai (monster-spirits) and are sometimes worshipped as Shinto kami (revered spirits or gods). Although they take their name from a dog-like Chinese demon (Tiangou), the tengu were originally thought to take the forms of birds of prey, and they are traditionally depicted with both human and avian characteristics.
The earliest tengu were pictured with beaks (karasu tengu　烏天狗）, but this feature has often been humanized as an unnaturally long nose, which today is practically the tengu's defining characteristic in the popular imagination.

Buddhism long held that the tengu were disruptive demons and harbingers of war. Their image gradually softened, however, into one of protective, if still dangerous, spirits of the mountains and forests. Tengu are associated with the ascetic practice known as Shugendō, and they are usually depicted in the distinctive garb of its followers, the yamabushi.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !




Tengu from Miroku-Ji 弥勒寺
445 Kamihotchimachi, Numata, Gunma Kashozan 迦葉山弥勒寺


. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

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坂出の天狗まつり Tengu Festival in Sakaide

The festival is centered on Saganbo Tengu, a long-nosed goblin from Mount Shiramine near Sakaide that appears in many ancient Japanese folktales. The main events such as the Tengu Walk, Tengu Bazaar and Tengu Kite-Flying Contest focus on this theme. The Tengu Marathons (15km and 5km) are particularly popular, and they attract participants from all over the nation because of the scenic view of the Seto Inland Sea and Seto Ohashi Bridge. Bowls of udon (hot wheat noodles) with ten no gu (ten kinds of ingredients) are available at every festival site.


Tengu Udon 天狗うどん

Date: 2nd weekend in February
Place: Saganbo, Oyabu-cho, Sakaide City; Hayashida
www.pref.kagawa.jp/

白峰山の相模坊（通称「さがん坊」）は，「保元物語」をはじめとして「源平盛衰記」，「太平記」，「雨月物語」など，多くの史書文献にもしばしば登場し，日本の八大天狗の一狗として古来から輝かしい歴史の１頁を飾っています。　こうした由来のある「相模坊」から生まれたのが，「大天狗しらみね爺や」と「小天狗さがんぼうや」の両天狗です。

. Saganbō or Sagamibō 相模坊 .


天狗うどん作り　How to make Tengu Udon Noodles
...www.city.sakaide.kagawa.jp/


Even a Tengu Marathon Walk on high wooden clogs.


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Tengu 天狗の面　＜＞　Long-Nosed Goblins
At Mt. Takao
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Darumasan-Japan/message/395

. Hiwatari matsuri 高尾山の火渡り祭
fire-walking ritual at Mt. Takao 　
with tengu and tengu waffles 天狗焼き Tengu Yaki

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Here is another group with Tengu and O-Kame (Okame)



Read a bit more about the three characters here and come back:
http://blog.livedoor.jp/gabigreve2000/archives/16785623.html

By now, you might wonder what this strange bedfellows do together.
Well, Okame represents the female genitals, Tengu of course the male ones and our Daruma, in this context, the golden balls (kintama). As a symbol for fertility of the human and the earth, these three are often found in souvenirs from rural areas and hot springs.




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A Book about Little Daruma and his Friend, Little Tengu
This was so popular it is now a TV series about Little Daruma and his friends.

Little Daruma & Little Tengu


By Kako Satoshi, Peter Howlett Hardcover

だるまちゃんとてんぐちゃん
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Darumasan-Japan/message/366

There is a whole Daruma-chan Family.
だるまちゃんのお部屋
http://darumad.hp.infoseek.co.jp/darumachan.html

Daruma-chan and Tengu-chan

Look at this delightful picture story:
http://darumad.hp.infoseek.co.jp/tengu.html


More books about Daruma and his little friends.
だるまちゃんと○○○ちゃん
だるまちゃんとかみなりちゃん Kaminari-chan, the Thunder Boy
だるまちゃんととらのこちゃん Tora, the little Tiger
だるまちゃんとだいこくちゃん Daikoku, the God of Good Luck
加古 里子 Kako Satoshi
http://www.ne.jp/asahi/home/oshima/Daruma.htm

Daruma chan and Tora chan だるまちゃんととらのこちゃん
Daruma and Little Tiger
. Tora トラ　- 虎　- 寅　Tiger Toys .


Ehon, E-Hon 絵本 Exhibition in New York, January 2007


Kako Satoshi Sensei 加古里子
90 years with birthday present Daruma

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.. .. .. .. .. The Real Tengu Daruma



Read my Story about Haguro San.
http://darumapilgrim.blogspot.com/2005/02/haguro-san.html

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All you ever want to know about Tengu
with great illustrations
By Mark Schumacher
Tengu are mountain and forest goblins with both Shinto and Buddhist attributes. Their supernatural powers include shape-shifting into human or animal forms, the ability to speak to humans without moving their mouth, the magic of moving instantly from place to place without using their wings, and the sorcery to appear uninvited in the dreams of the living.
http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/tengu.shtml

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A wooden doll set of a Tengu and 5 Daruma dolls
こけしの天狗にだるまさん



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Daruma with Geta and Box like a Tengu



Side and Back


Photos from my friend Ishino.

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White Daruma and large Tengu mask


© PHOTO : nanalove701

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. Komine Jinja 古峯ヶ原古峯神社 Nikko .
Tengu no Yashiro 天狗の社 Shrine of the Tengu
Seals of the Tengu 天狗の御朱印 with 16 different faces:


CLICK for more photos !

Tengu Shuin 天狗朱印 temple stamps

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Tengu and his wooden clogs, the GETA, this is another story

- - - Geta Sandals 下駄 - - -


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source : tabelog.com/tokyo/

だるまてんぐ Daruma Tengu restaurant
恵比寿横丁　－ Tokyo

- More restaurants with the name TENGU 天狗
- reference : 天狗 レストラン -

- reference : tengu restaurant -



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source : James Bird - Tatooing

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drawing by Yang Lee, Facebook 2023

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Tengu -The Shamanic and Esoteric Origins
of the Japanese Martial Arts
Roald Knutsen

This fully illustrated volume, including an eight-page colour-plate section, is the first in-depth study in English to examine the warrior and shamanic characteristics and significance of tengu in the martial art culture (bugei) of Muromachi Japan (1336-1573).
According to Roald Knutsen,
who is widely known for his writings on the samurai tradition, prompting his life-long study of tengu – the part-human, part-animal creatures – was the early discovery that the tengu of the Muromachi period were interacting with the deadly serious bugei masters teaching the arts of war. … read moreHere were beings who did not conform to the comic, goblin-like creatures of common folklore and were not the creations of the Buddhist priests intent on demonizing that which they did not understand and could not control.
source : www.brill.nl/tengu

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BOOK

. The Seven Tengu Scrolls 七天狗絵　Shichi Tengu-e .

The Seven Scrolls Tengu:
Evil and the Rhetoric of Legitimacy in Medieval Japanese Buddhism
by Haruko Wakabayashi

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Torii Kiyomasu I - 鳥居清倍　

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Konpira pilgrims carrying a tengu mask on their rucksack wooden box (oizuri)

. Konpira pilgrims 金比羅参り .

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source :　daizukan9.blog63.fc2.com

pokkuri tengu 健康長寿のぽっくり天狗
Tengu for a healthy long life and sudden death

Hoogihoogi Jinja 宝来宝来神社 Hogihogi Jinja
熊本県阿蘇郡南阿蘇村石神3, Kumamoto, Minami Aso

- Homepage of the shrine
pokkuri Tengu sama ぽっくり天狗さま
This was a present from a shrine located in the mountains of Kochi prefecture.
A man who had been ill and been cared for back to health shortly after the war there, promised to give it as a present. He prayed every day "hogi hogi ホギホギ 宝来宝来" (come, sacred treasure) until he and his son were both cured.
He had many children and grand-children and when he was 100 years old, he lay down, laughed aloud calling "pokkuri" and was on his way to paradise in no time.
- source : hogihogi.org

. pokkuri 　ぽっくり　amulets for a sudden death .

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kigo for late spring

. tengu no goohan 天狗の強飯（てんぐのごうはん）
large rice portion of the tengu goblin



another name for the ceremony
Nikko Gohanshiki (Nikkoo Goohan-Shiki 日光強飯式)

. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア　- Tengu ABC-List .

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. Kashoozan no tengu men 迦葉山の天狗面
Tengu mask from Tengu Mountain Kashozan
. . . . . and
sanshoo tengu 山椒天狗
tengu from wood of the mountain pepper

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Tengu from my collection

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***** . Haiku with NOSE (hana　鼻) .

Mukai Tengu 向い天狗 Tengu facing each other
Fuji Tengu 富士天狗（富士太郎）Tengu from Mount Fuji
and many more
. Folk Toys with a Tengu .

. Sake Legends and Buddhist Temples　酒とお寺 .
Legend from Mirokuji 弥勒寺 Miroku-Ji, Gunma

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア　- Tengu ABC-List .

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