WKD - Sakazuki

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Sakazuki, small cups to drink Sake

さかずき【杯／盃／坏】
choko, ochoko ちょく【猪口】





I have written extensively about

Tokkuri - Drinking Hot Sake with Daruma
徳利とだるま―焼物散歩

Sake and Shochu - Ricewine, Schnaps and Daruma
酒、焼酎と達磨 ...


My Photo Album about Sake and Daruma


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Here is a nice pair made of wood and laquer. It starts of as one figure, and develops into a set of two cups with a small tray, almost like the maryoshika dolls of Russia.



Both heads are made flat so they stand as a sake cup.



Nr. 15 to 17 in the Album.


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This piece is rather large, almost 25 cm.
I have written about a similar small one in the story about Takasago.
At first it looks like a small statue, then you take of the head and have the first sakazuki. Next comes O-Kame, off and used as a sakazuki for the wife.



Again, the heads are formed rather flat so the cups can stand.



Nr. 09 - 12 in the Album.

Read about
Meoto Daruma and Takasago - Daruma and a Happy Couple


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Some sakazuki from Kutani



There are more in my Album, Nr. 18 to 21.

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Tumbler with Daruma 達磨タンブラー


中国醸造


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choko cups with a flask


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SOME LINKS

The very small cups for ricewine are called sakazuki　杯.
Somewhat bigger versions are guinomi　食いのみ or o-choko.


. . . CLICK here for guinomi Photos !



In olden times flat vessles of earthware were called
hiraka ひらか【平瓮】


Books about Sake Vessels -
from www.e-yakimono.net, Robert Yellin

COMPLETE LISTING OF SERIAL SAKE STORIES
All Stories by Robert Yellin

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Japanese Sake Containers - A bit on the KITSCH side.

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Japanese Military Sake Cups 1894-1945
This is the first book of its kind
regarding the up-and-coming hobby of collecting Japanese Military Sake Cups (guntai sakazuki). It consists of 144 pages of useful information and photos regarding the usage and history on Japanese Army & Navy sake cups used by the military for roughly 50 years. The book covers cups, sake bottles, sake trays and commemorative items. The cups photographed in the book are the result of the author's 20 years of collection WWII Japanese militaria with a focus on sake-related items.

The attraction of these cups is not only hand made, hand painted craftsmanship but their historical significance as well. Many cups will have the owner's regiment, name etc..on the cup which gives the collector the option of researching the cup to discover where the original owner was stationed during the war.

The Japanese military machine chose to revive several age-old samurai traditions including the use of hand-forged swords, long helmet straps tied in the samurai style, and the consumption of ceremonial sake before a battle.

The sake was consumed in a solumn ceremony, with no words spoken other than a reverent, singular "Kanpai" by the leader.

- other books by Dan King

The Last Zero Fighter
Firsthand Accounts from Japanese WWII Naval Pilots and Airmen

A Tomb Called Iwo Jima
Firsthand Accounts from Japanese Survivors

- source : Dan King

兵隊盃 　/ 従軍記念杯

- reference about these cups

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盃に 三つの名を飲む 今宵かな
sakazuki ni mitsu no na o nomu koyoi kana

with a sake cup
I drink to the three names
this fine evening

Matsuo Basho
Tr. Higginson

Where is the season word?—you ask? In the opening quatrain of
Li Po’s poem "Under the Moon, Drinking Alone":

Among the flowers one jug of wine:
drinking alone with no one familiar,
I offer my cup to the bright moon
my shadows and I a party of three.


Bashô, too, drinks alone, but has the companionship of "the three names": Li Po and his two shadows of the same name (one on the ground, one in the wine cup). Oseku points out that we should also note the puns in this hokku: Puns on "moon" (-zuki cup = tsuki moon) and "full" (mitsu three = mitsu to fill).5 Rather than provoking humor directly as a pun in English might, these implied words simply capitalize on the profusion of homonyms in Japanese to provide further clues to the poem’s hidden seasonal topic.

William Higginson, 2001
source : www.haijinx.com



la coupe de vin (la lune)
remplie de trois noms
pour boire ce soir

Tr. Daniel Py



On that night, there were three uninvited guests at Basho's home, all with the name of Shichirobei 七郎兵衛.
Basho had intended to drink alone in memory of Li Po, maybe, but the drunken visitors joined him.
This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.


. Li Po, Li Bo, Li Bai 李白, lived 701 – 762 .


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quote
Sakazuki ni / mitsu no na nomu / koyoi kana

With my sake cup
& the moon, I toast three friends —
this fine evening

Basho wrote this playful haiku in 1685, when three friends came to visit him late at night. He had in mind lines from Li Po’s poem:

With blossoms, a bottle of wine
Drinking all alone, no one else.
Raising the cup, we greet the bright moon
With my shadow we become three.

Basho substituted Li Po’s three friend, the wine cup, his shadow and the moon for three actual friends.

The influence of Chinese literature on Basho
Bill Wyatt
source : www.poetrymagazines.org.u


According to Wyatt, Basho's haiku was written in 1685, a time period that "the haikai world was swept by the "Chinese style" (kanshibun-cho)" .
(For further info. read the section titled "Parody and the Chinese Style" (Shirane,Haruo, Traces of Dreams: Landscape, Cultural Memory, and the Poetry of Basho, pp 60-7)

Basho was well-versed in Chinese classics. Read in the emotional context of his poem ("this fine evening"), "three friends" could be also read as an allusion to a popular Chinese idiom, three is a crowd, contrasted with Li Po's lonely lifeworld (himself, his shadow, and the moon).

Chen-ou Liu



Ricewine and sakazuki cups haiku by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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quote
Reviving Japanese Haikai Through Chinese Classics:
Yosa Buson and the Basho Revival

Li Po's poem Drinking Alone by Moonlight, the sixth in The Three Hundred Tang Poems
(月下獨酌, pinyin: Yuè Xià Dú Zhuó), translated by Arthur Waley, 1919, reads:

花間一壺酒。 A pot of wine, under the flowering trees;
獨酌無相親。 I drink alone, for no friend is near
舉杯邀明月。 raising my cup I beckon the bright moon,
對影成三人。 for her, together with my shadow, will make three people

"Three people" (or "a party of three;" Chinese: 三人) refers to the moon in the sky (, which connotates "Heaven"), Li Po's shadow on the ground ("Earth"),and Li Po himself ("Humanity").

Nankaku was a student of one of the most important Confucian scholars, Ogyu Sorai (1666--1728), who emphasized an unmediated understanding of Chinese classics, and whose thoughts had highly influenced the leading painters of nanga (also known as bunjinga, which literally means literati painting). Nanga was a school of Japanese painting modeled on the Chinese Southern school of painting, to which Buson belonged. Nankaku specialized in Chinese classics, and one of his greatest achievements was the Toshisen, a Japanese edition of one the most influential Chinese verse anthologies, Tang Selected Poems. The Toshisen had long served as one of the foundational texts for the bunjin movement.

The concept of “wenren” is highly related to that of “renwen” (wenren written inversely in Chinese). It can be found in the Yi Jing, also known as the Book of Changes, which is one of the oldest of Chinese classics. 36 Renwen can roughly be translated as meaning the "arts of humanity," one component of the three-fold Chinese universe: heaven, earth, and humanity. It "embodies all that is of the highest value to the society, and interacts with the other two: the spiritual and philosophical (tianwen) and the environmental and ecological (diwen). A person cultivated in renwen was originally called wenren.

source : Chen-ou Liu

Phenomenologically speaking, "three people" constitutes Li Po's lifeworld (German Lebenswelt understood in the Husserlian sense of the word).
Basho's allusion emotionally and tonally changes the connotative meaning of "three people."
Chen-ou Liu



. Chinese background of Japanese kigo .


koyoi no tsuki 今宵の月 the moon tonight
can be seen as a kigo for autum.

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. Sake 酒 for rituals and festivals .

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Incense and Daruma koogoo

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Incense, O-Koo　お香とだるま



Container for Incense, carved wood
Collection Gabi Greve

The incense culture of Japan has quite an old tradition.
Incense was used not only in temples, but at the imperial court.

I have written extensively about the world of Incense and Fragrance in Japanese Culture, sniff it out here:

My Incense files comprise three parts in the following order:

. Incense - general introduction .

Daruma as Incense Stick Holder <> senkoo　線香立てとだるま　

Daruma as Incense Burner <> kooro 香炉

and the text below, about koogoo incense containers.


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Daruma as Incense Container <> koogoo
香合とだるま

gooshi, gōshi- goosu 合子 incense container


CLICK for many more samples !


For the Tea Ceremony
A small lidded container for the incense that is added to the charcoal fire during the charcoal-laying procedure. For the kneaded incense (nerikō) that is used in a sunken hearth (ro), the container is generally made of ceramic. For the chips of incense wood (kōboku) used in a portable brazier (furo), it is generally made of lacquer ware or plain wood. There are also incense containers made of clam shells.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


Incense in Japan has been introduced together with Buddhism in the 5th century and been used during religious ceremonies for a long time. Five to seven different kinds of incense ingredients are finely chipped and mixed together. The mixture is kept in a container called "koogoo" (kogo, kohgoh, kougou) and is sprinkled directly on hot ash containing charcoal.

This ritual offernig of incense to the Buddha (sonae-koo 供え香、shookoo 焼香) is usually performed during a funeral ceremony. Stick incense was introduced in the sixteenth century via China and Korea and soon became very popular because it was easier to use. Joss sticks were soon also used for pure pleasure in the home.The burning of fragrant chips for pleasure only was also called "empty burning" (soradaki 空薫).
The container is also called "Incence box" (koobako 香箱).

The scenting of garments using a little brazier and fragrant wood was also a common practise since the Heian period and frequently mentioned in prose and poetry and we heared about it in the story of the
Te-aburi 手あぶりとだるま Daruma as a Handwarmer 　
The natural scent of plum blossoms was also greatly appreciated and subject to Heian poetry.


Another form of incense consists of pulverized chips of up to 20 different kinds, mixed with honey to keep it fresh and rolled to little balls (nerikoo, neriko 練香) which had to rest for three years to gain the right scent. These "fragrant substances" (kunkoo 薫香) were also thrown directly into the fire during a religious fire ceremony (goma kuyoo 護摩供養).


Containers for incense used in temples during the Heian period where round bowls on a high stand with a lid in the form of an upside down bowl with a handle in the form of a Pagoda (toomari 塔椀). Since the Kamakura period round flat containers came into use. Many materials were used for these containers, for example metal, porcelain, ivory, laquer or wood. The Zen sect often uses containers made of carved wood with a thick layer of red or black laquer (chooshitsu 彫漆).
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



You can also look at beautiful laquered incense containers from various museums.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



More
Utensils for the Way of Incense (koodoo, kodo 香道)
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


Learn more about the Way of Incence and its history.
http://www.japanese-incense.com/kodo.htm

Reference : Japanese Kodo


. Ashes layed out for Incense smelling


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from Hagi Pottery 萩焼の香合
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



Daruma from Kyoto Pottery 京焼達磨香合


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Hakata Daruma Doll as Incense Container


CLICK for more Daruma containers !



Reference : Incense containers from Japan

. . . CLICK here for Photos of English HP !


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Incense Container from Kutani Pottery
Look at Photos Nr. 70 - 72
Kutani and Daruma . Album



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LOOK at more beautiful artwork here
source : Bachmann Eckenstein

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- CLICK for enlargement ! -
source : Hadrien on facebook


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Another smell I associate with Daruma san is that of fresh green tea.

After all he is the father of the Tea Plant in ancient lore. I am still working on more details of this story.

"When the priest Daruma sat in a cave for nine years meditating, he had to fight sleepiness. He thought: "Because I have eyes, my eyelids fall over them and I start snoozing." So in a bold act he cut off his eyelids to keep awake. (The eyelashes, which he had thrown away, took root and turned into the tea bush to give us this wonderful wakening beverage, as legend knows!)｡

Who is Daruma ?


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This is a piece of Oribe pottery, about 25 cm high. The inside is hollow, so you put this Daruma on an incense cone and the smoke comes out of the ears!
The eyes are made with inlay of glass. The beard is modelled with great care and the whole facial expression is one of seriousness mixed with humour.




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THE BOOK OF INCENSE
Review by Donald Richie
© The Japan Times, December 10, 2006

by Kiyoko Morita.
Tokyo/New York/London: Kodansha International, 2006, 136 pp.,

Incense came early to Japan. According to the fifth-century "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), a whole aloeswood tree drifted ashore at Awaji. When the fisherfolk burned it, the smoky perfume eventually attracted the attention of Prince Shotoku. From there it was but a step into Buddhism, the sacred purposes of which incense still serves.

At the same time, a secular use was also found. The court took up what the church had sanctioned, and shortly incense fumed at hearth and home. The 11th-century "Tale of Genji" makes frequent references to it. The Shining Prince, Genji himself, encounters it first in a temple, then takes it back and domesticates it. Shortly we find him scenting his robes by holding a small, smoking brazier under each sleeve.

The first imperial poetry collection, the 10th-century "Kokinshu," spoke of "that fragrance more alluring than color" and even the very particular Heian Period author Sei Shonagon included scented robes in her "Pillow Book" listing of things more pleasant than not.

Shortly a number of palace activities centered around incense could be observed. Courtiers would bring various samples and make each other guess what they were. This occasioned some difficulty, since by now nearly 2,500 varieties had been recognized. In addition, there were various recondite combinations, and elaborate diversions were invented, such as blending different scents to create the atmosphere of a particular literary work. That involving the "Kokinshu" called for some 700 different types of incense.

In the "Umegae" chapter of the "Genji," we find the prince hard at work in a deeply curtained room. In the Seidensticker translation, "he turned with great concentration to blending two perfumes according to formulas which . . . had been handed down in secret from the days of the Emperor Nimmyo."

More and more elaborate became the proper necessities. As in the analogous tea ceremony, various instruments (many of them made of gold or silver) were called for. Diverse formalities were developed and a proper name for the activity was created: kodo. Eventually even the act of smelling became too common. Instead one "listened" to incense. (koo o kiku)

Such ceremonial excess is perhaps what eventually did kodo in. Despite later popularity, in particular during the Genroku Era (1688-1704), and notwithstanding the attentions of such important social figures as Oda Nobunaga, interest in incense-smelling declined to the low level it occupies today.

The tea ceremony, however, is still with us, and there are many other examples of such fossilization. One wonders, then, why kodo seems to have more or less vanished. One reason might be that, like many such diversions in this country, it became too openly competitive. Another might be that after its stylishness wore off, it began to look effete to a rising middle class.

Yet, as Kiyoko Morita's book indicates, there still remains a public for it. Originally published in 1992, this volume came out in paperback in 1999, and is now available in its first trade paperback edition.
Morita gives real assistance. She lists all the popular varieties and indicates where to get them, is knowledgeable about the instruments necessary, gives advice on the "incense ceremony," and tells how to "sample for fun."

And, truly, in this age of fast food, of instant replay, of demanding e-mail and the voracious cell phone, something as reflective and as time-consuming as kodo is plainly needed if sanity is to be retained.

Review by Donald Richie
© The Japan Times, December 10, 2006

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Incense container from Bronze





Photos from my friend Ishino


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hangonkoo, hankonkoo 反魂香
soul-returning incense
hangonko, hankonko


鳥山石燕『今昔百鬼拾遺』
より「返魂香」


If it is burned, the soul of a diseased person will come back to life. Or his soul will be seen in the form of the smoke. One emperor in ancient China used this to bring back te memories of his beloved wife Li 李. He used the incinse of a special tree for this occasion, hangonju 反魂樹.
This story is also used in Noh-plays, Kabuki and the puppet theater bunraku.
傾城（けいせい）反魂香 Keisei hangonkoo by Chimamatsu Monzaemon.
The magic to make this work is called hangonjutsu 反魂術.


yomigae よみかえ coming back to life

ukiyo-e from Hishikawa Moronobu
菱川師宣 (1618 - 1694)


まぼろしの反魂香や雉のこえ
maboroshi no hangonkoo ya kiji no koe

this elusive
Hangonko incense -
voice of a pheasant

Sawa Rosen 沢露川　 （1661－1743)
Maybe as he stands in front of the grave of his parents, lighting a bit of incense, a pheasant's call sounds just like the voice of his parents.


Reference


hangontan 反魂丹 Hangontan medicine
medicine to "bring back the soul", now a stomach medicine
From Toyama


三代目豊国「薬うり直介」
medicine seller, pill-peddler Naosuke

Reference

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これや世の煤に染まらぬ古合子
kore ya yo no susu ni somaranu furu gooshi

Written in December 1689, Genroku 2 元禄2年12月, In Zeze 膳所.
For Haikai Kanjin Choo 俳諧勧進牒 compiled by Yasomura Rotsuu 八十村路通 Rotsu.

This is not about an incense burner.

MORE
. gooshi 合子/ 盒子 set of bowls for food offerings .


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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Kirikane decorated balls Mari kōgō (まり香盒, incense box ball)
by National Living Treasure of Japan as a Kirikane artist,
Eri Sayoko (江里佐代子, 1945-2007).

- source : facebook

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My Photo Album about Incense


Incense (India), senkoo (Japan)
a Kigo in the WKD Database


Incense Burner ... kooroo 香炉とだるま

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Opfergaben, Rauchopfer Deutscher Text

Duftopfer, Blumenopfer Deutscher Text

Buddhistische Kultgegenstände Japans



Alphabetical Index of the Daruma Museum

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Wa Kei Sei Jaku

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Wa Kei Sei Jaku

和　 敬　清　寂

WA for "harmony"
KEI for "respect"
SEI is "purity"
JAKU is "quietude, stillness"

They comprize the essence of the way of tea as taught by Sen no Rikkyuu.
Now the Urasenke Tea School teaches these precepts.

The Philosophy of Chado The underlying philosophy of Tea evolved from Zen Buddhism. Zen is the Japanese counterpart of the Chinese word chan, which is a translation of the Sanskrit word dhyana, meaning the meditation that leads to deep spiritual insight. Both Tea and Zen emphasize a way of training body and mind in awareness that has potential to become a rigorous spiritual discipline.

Urasenke founder, Sen Rikyu (1522-1591) summarized the principles of the discipline of Tea into four concepts: wa, kei, sei, and jaku.

http://www.urasenke.org/characters/

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Here is a calligraphy from Sôshitsu Sen XV.
Der Teeweg
By Gerhardt Staufenbiel

Look at this performance by Gerhardt too
Shakuhachi concert at GokuRakuAn, Japan

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. The Japanese Tea Ceremony .
(chadoo　茶道, cha no yu 茶の湯)


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Danjiri Mikoshi Festival Float

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. Legends about Mikoshi .
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Festival Float with Daruma
Daruma-Ren だるま連、祭り



平成7年（1995年）小池工務店により解体修理を行う。
特に腰板の額縁を新品に交換することで屋台のガタつきを直した。
屋台解体日＝平成7年（1995年）1月17日～阪神淡路大震災の日
http://www.ne.jp/asahi/fukude/matsuri/lst/14k/14k.htm


http://www.ne.jp/asahi/fukude/matsuri/grp/mya/mya.htm

　民芸品調の卓上祭り屋台
遠州は屋台祭りが盛んな地方として知られていますが、関連の民芸品が少ないことから今回民芸品調のお祭りグッズとしてミニ屋台の制作を企画。岐阜県の専門工房に依頼し3ヵ年弱の期間を費やしてこのたび完成となりました。
掛塚を発祥地として天竜川流域各地に見られる屋台で、当地福田・掛塚および天竜市二俣の3つをモデルにして各特徴を表現し、小さくても雰囲気を感じさせる形になるよう留意しています。
http://www.ne.jp/asahi/fukude/matsuri/grp/mya/mdl/mdl.htm


danjiri 山車（だんじり）
yatai 山車（やたい / 屋台)



. dashi 山車（だし）festival float
is a kigo for all summer.

The Chinese characters signify a mountain on a cart.

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岸和田だんじり Kishiwada Danjiri Festival

畑町のだんじり
Daruma float from Hata-Cho



Look at more beautiful carvings of the floats:
source : 桜井の駅


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Danjiri Matsuri Festivals だんじり祭り
岸和田 Kishiwada (Osaka)
八百津
泉州
灘のだんじり祭り
西浦だんじり祭り
堺市鳳だんじり祭り
南河内だんじり祭り

. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Kishiwada Danjiri Festival, Osaka
September, on the "Respect for the Aged Day"

Danjiri festivals are common throughout Japan, but if you say
"Danjiri Matsuri" (festival) to a Japanese, there is one festival that will come to mind: the violent, exuberant mayhem that takes place every September in Kishiwada, Osaka.

The "danjiri" are the large wooden floats, or portable shrines, that are pulled around a pre-set route on the day of the festival. These shrines are kept in storage for a year and are quite beautiful.

Prior to the festival, there are ceremonies and prayers. The ornate shrine is taken out and readied; then the fun starts.

Where is the Danjiri Festival?
The Danjiri Festival is held in Kishiwada City, Osaka. Kishiwada is a working class castle town that was rural until recently. Today it is a suburb south of the city of Osaka, not far from Kansai International Airport.

What is the Danjiri Festival?
The Danjiri Matsuri dates to the 16th century, and is believed to have its origins in the "Inari Matsuri" that was held in 1703. Like many fall festivals, it is essentially a harvest festival to pray for a good harvest. It was created by the Lord of Kishiwada Castle and has always had a wild side to it.

In the past, that could have been said about most festivals in Japan. In the post-war period, however, festivals, like most aspects of Japanese life, have become tamer affairs. The good folk of Danjiri however continue to resist this, and it remains a dangerous festival with several deaths not uncommon each year.

The reason for this is that men stand atop the floats as they weave and turn down narrow streets. These men are sometimes thrown off and crushed below.
source : www.japanvisitor.com

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Iga Ueno Danjiri Museum
伊賀上野だんじり会館

One of Ueno city's big annual events is the 400 year-old
Ueno Tenjin festival 上野天神祭り　held between October 23rd to 25th. Originally a sacred agricultural ritual, the festival has elaborate portable shrines and demon-costumed revellers parading in the streets, but a main feature is the nine danjiri carted through the city. The danjiri is a type of dashi, a traditional Japanese festival float on wheels. When not being used in the festival, the Iga Ueno Danjiri Museum houses three of these floats for public viewing.

The three danjiri floats are encased in a large round glass-walled exhibition room, set about with life-sized models reenacting a festival scene. The floats are mounted on a turntable to make it possible to see them from every angle. As it is, visitors are able to walk and see completely around the showcase from the first floor, as well as partway from above the second.
source : The Yamasa Institute


. . . CLICK here for Photos of the museum!

. . . CLICK here for Photos of the festival!
上野天神祭りのだんじり

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Awaji Danjiri Matsuri 淡路だんじり祭り
Danjiri festival at Awaji Island, Hyogo

淡路島.賀集八幡神社春祭りだんじり



quote
Danjiri and Danjiri Chorus
Awaji Island has a profusion of festivals.
There is said to be a total of 300 danjiri in the greater Awaji area. The main is the futon danjiri 布団だんじり with five layers of red futons. The danjiri are pulled around by shrine parishioners in spring and fall.
Created as a group performance based on puppet shows as a sideshow for festivals, the danjiri chorus is also known as jorurikuzushi. The chorus skillfully takes highlights of the story and puts melodies to them. The songs are arranged using danjiri taiko drums and clappers, and there are chorus tsurebushi and solos called puppet katarikomi like storytelling and furi like fork ballad. Katari is placed in the intervals of the chorus and solos.
Many chorus groups have sprung up recently and contests are held.
The singing is now considered a folk art of Awaji.
source : www.yumebutai.org


だんじりは伝統工芸 ... the festival float is an important traditional folk art
source : awajidanjiri.jimdo.com



miniature of a danjiri futon float

It was made by 肥田利一 from 生穂町 and is not made any more.

futon taikodai 太鼓台 Futon drum float
. chossa taikodai ちょっさ太鼓台 Chossa Drum Futon Float . Sanuki, Kagawa
and more details about these futon floats.



mikoshi with kokeshi wooden dolls こけしみこし

. kokeshi こけし wooden dolls .



Mikoshi Daruma


. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

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Suimu Jinja Mikoshi makuri 水無神社 神輿まくり
(スイムジンジャ）

Shrine festival where simple wooden mikoshi, made anew every year, are paraded through town for two days and then
thrown on the road, forward and sideways, with people standing on them, jumping off in the last moment . . .



Suimu Shrine (水無神社) is located in Kiso, Nagano Prefecture. Record said, it was established in the middle of the 13th century. It has thousand years old Hinoki Trees. Inside of the hall, there are many beautiful large Ema votive tablets. It has been respected by the people of Kiso as the guardian of the valley.
The most famous festival Mikoshimakuri, takes place on July 23.

Kiso Fukushima 木曽福島町内 Nagano
CLICK for more photos !
- source : www.nanchara.net/mikoshimakuri -



Minashi Jinja 水無神社
located in the city of Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The kanji for the shrine are also sometimes read as Suimu. The full name is Hida Ichinomiya Minashi Shrine (飛騨一宮水無神社 Hida Ichinomiya Minashi Jinja), as it was once the main shrine of Hida Province.
. . . believed that it was constructed during the reign of Emperor Seiwa during the late-9th century.

Because of firebombing activities during World War II, Minashi Shrine served as a refuge for Atsuta Shrine's Kusanagi from August 21 to September 19, 1945.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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photo source : ikuta blog


だんじりを桜の下に引き出して
danjiri o sakura no shita ni hikidashite

they pull
the danjiri float
below the cherry blossoms

Oe Nobuki 大恵宣樹 from Iga, Ueno
http://www.itoen.co.jp/new-haiku/17/kasatoku03.html


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mikoshi　神輿、御輿 portable shrine
kigo for all summer









Daruma Mikoshi だるま神輿


. Kawagoe Daruma Mikoshi 川越だるま神輿 .


source : popeye.sakura.ne.jp/saitama...
Kawagoe dashi 川越山車 festival float from Kawagoe


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. Oita Folk Art - 大分県 .

Nakatsu mikoshi　中津神輿　Nakatsu Festival Float


source :　www.asahi-net.or.jp

The mikoshi is modelled from the Nakatsu Gion Festival 中津祇園祭り.
This toy tradition is no longer alive.
And
. akaheko tenjin 赤へこ天神 Tenjin sama with a red robe . - clay doll


- quote -
Nakatsu Gion Festival 中津祇園祭り
This festival has 570 years of tradition and is designated as an intangible folklore cultural asset by Oita prefecture. There will be fireworks on the first day.
On the 2nd day (morning parade) and the 3rd day (returning parade) floats called Gionguruma will parade through Fukuzawa street.
Many events are held during the festival. There are Floats parading around and dancing all over the city while the festival is held.
- source : www.visit-oita.jp -




. . . CLICK here for more Photos !

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source :　koshi/shurui.html


. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 .

輿の花盗人よぬす人よ
o-mikoshi no hana-nusubito yo nusubito yo

a blossom thief
in a fancy palanquin!
a thief!
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku was written in the 1st month (February) of 1813, when Issa had returned to his hometown and was preparing to engage in the final strenuous negotiations with his mother-in-law and younger half brother over his inheritance. It seems possible to see the blossom thief as, on one level, an self-ironic image of Issa himself returning to "blossom-steal" his inheritance back from the people who have been keeping it from him. The exclamations might be his ironic imagined representations of the thoughts or whispered remarks of his mother-in-law and the many villagers in his hometown who consider him a greedy, pushy outsider. Even so, as a blossom thief and not an actual thief, Issa expects to be forgiven if he persists.

The most immediate image, however, is praise for a very beautiful cherry tree in full bloom. A thief of blossoms -- usually of cherries but sometimes of plums or other blossoms -- means someone who breaks off a blossoming sprig and takes it home. Popular renga grew out of linked verse festivals held under cherry trees in full bloom (hana-no-moto) in the 12th and 13th centuries, when the custom of taking home a sprig of cherry blossoms was tolerated to a certain extent for religious reasons, since the sprig was to believed to be part of the body of the cherry-tree god, and the sprigs were worshiped in people's homes. The custom continued over the centuries.

The term "blossom thief" also came to refer to doing something for the sake of great beauty or value that ordinarily wouldn't be allowed. For example, prince Atsumichi (981-1007) wrote the following waka when he visited the mansion of the aristocrat and poet Fujiwara Kintou bearing a sprig of cherry blossoms for his host:

If my name
be Blossom Thief
so be it!
I break off only
a single branch

The prince visited with his new lover, the famous woman poet Izumi Shikibu, who is doubtless the greatest blossom of all in the poem, though she is not mentioned directly. The relationship was a bit scandalous, since a short time earlier Izumi Shikibu had been the lover of prince Atsumichi's older half-brother, who suddenly died of the plague, making prince Atsumichi's actions a bit thief-like. Still, Izumi Shikibu is such a superb poet and person that the prince feels sure he will be forgiven.

In Issa's hokku, many people in his hometown are probably breaking off sprigs with cherry blossoms on them to take home with them, but Issa focuses on an expensive, decorated palanquin. The character Issa uses (輿) is usually read o-mikoshi, the special palanquin of the emperor or a god that is carried on the shoulders of many men, and this is the reading of the editors of Issa's collected works. Issa might also be using the term ironically to refer to any pompously luxurious palanquin. The scholar Maruyama Kazuhiko, however, reads norimono, which is also possible. A norimono was a special luxurious palanquin hanging from a thick, horizontal beam carried by two carriers, one in front and one in back, that had sliding doors on the sides, as opposed to an ordinary palanquin that was open at the sides or often simply a seat hanging from a pole.

In Issa's time only a few people were allowed to ride in an enclosed palanquin: high-ranking samurai, high-ranking monks, herbal and/or acupuncture doctors, women, children, and commoner males who had paid to get special permission from the authorities. I doubt Issa is referring to the emperor, and unless there is a festival going on, it wouldn't be a palanquin carrying a god. It seems likely that Issa is referring to someone of rank or power who has stopped beneath the tree because of its striking beauty and is breaking off a sprig to carry with him or her, probably as a gift to someone who hasn't been able to see the tree. The tone of the hokku is exclamatory, as if Issa were pointing out a shocking crime in progress.

Actually it must be mock-exclamatory, since Issa is at the same time suggesting that this cherry tree is so extremely beautiful that even people who usually ride hidden inside fancy palanquins are willing to get out and act like an ordinary commoner blossom thief. There is no doubt some social satire here, but Issa is also expressing his highest praise for the tree, which is able to make people of all classes humble before it. This is consistent with Issa's usual view that all humans of whatever class are equal in the eyes of Amida.

Chris Drake


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. Float with Dragon Decoration .
From Omi Hachiman Sagicho Festival 近江八幡　左義長まつり


. Matsuyama no mikoshi 松山のみこし mikoshi models .
Ehime


. otabisho, o-tabisho 御旅所　/ お旅所 sacred resting point .
for the mikoshi during a procession

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santai mikoshi 三体みこし three mikoshi
for the Gion Festival of Onomichi 尾道祇園祭

. Hiroshima Folk Art - 広島県　 　 .

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Shizuki Mikoshi 志筑神興
. Hyogo Folk Art - 兵庫県　 .


. WKD : Festivals of Japan 　


. WKD : mikoshigusa 神輿草（みこしぐさ） mikoshi plant .
Geranium nepalense. cranesbill

. Legends about Mikoshi .

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[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
- #mikoshi #danjiri #float -
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Shakuhachi Flute

[ . BACK to Worldkigo TOP . ]
. Komuso begging monks 虚無僧 .
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Shakuhachi, the Bamboo Flute

bamboo flute -
the blind monk plays
with the autumn winds


and Komusoo 虚無僧 Komuso Monks
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Some links about the shakuhachi

The shakuhachi is certainly Japan's most well-known woodwind instrument. A ertically-held bamboo flute, it is made from the very bottom of a bamboo tree. Bamboo is hollow except for this nodes which are spaced at Intervals along the pipe. These nodes are knocked out to form the complete hollow length of the pipe. Four fingerholes are put on the front of the instrument and a thumbhole on the back. The mouthpiece is the open top of the pipe itself with the front side cut at a slight and angle to facilitate blowing the instrument.

Although the placement of holes and tuning of the instrument is a very delicate process, the instrument itself is of a basically simple construction. It is this very fact, however, which allows for very complex techniques in playing the instrument such as the use of the breath with changes in the blowing angle for great or minute changes in sound quality, or partial-holding of fingerholes to make delicate pitch changes.

The instrument takes its name from its standard length of one foot (shaku) and eight (hachi) parts of a foot (called sun), approximately 54cm. There are other lengths of the instrument as well, all with the general name of shakuhachi.
http://www.j-music.com/aki/bamboo.html

http://www.shakuhachi.com/


The International Shakuhachi Society is a world forum for people interested in the Japanese bamboo flute. It enables various players, schools, composers, ethnomusicologists and hobbyists to share information with a wide
and sympathetic audience.
http://www.komuso.com/


Pictures of the blind and seeing monks called
<> Komusoo <> 虚無僧


http://www.komuso.com/images/komuso.gif

http://www.komuso.com/images/komuso4.gif


The Photo-Gallery of famous players
http://www.komuso.com/people/photos.html

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Shakuhachi, on the following link:

Rooan. The first komusoo
In honor of his shakuhachi (or hitoyogiri), he called himself
Fuuketsu doosha , the Person of the Way of the Wind and Holes.
He also was the founder of the komusoo temple in Kyoto, Myooan-ji or　Meian-ji, and the same person also known as Kyoochiku Zenji.

- reference -

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Isoda Koryūsai　磯田湖竜斎　 (1735–1790)
Komuso and Beauties


- quote -
The komusō (虚無僧 komusō, hiragana: こむそう; also romanized komusou or komuso)
were a group of Japanese mendicant monks of the Fuke school of Zen Buddhism who flourished during the Edo period of 1600-1868. Komusō were characterized by a straw bascinet (a sedge or reed hood named a tengai or tengui) worn on the head, manifesting the absence of specific ego.[
They were also known for playing solo pieces on the shakuhachi (a type of Japanese bamboo flute). These pieces, called honkyoku ("original pieces"), were played during a meditative practice called suizen, for alms, as a method of attaining enlightenment, and as a healing modality. The Japanese government introduced reforms after the Edo period, abolishing the Fuke sect. Records of the musical repertoire survived, and are being revived in the 21st century
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. donkorogoma どんころ独楽
Donkoro spinning top for gambling .

It has the images of symbols of good luck to make a bet on.
一富士 Fuji、ニ鷹 Hawk、三なすび/茄子 eggplant、
四だるま Daruma san 五虚無僧 Komuso monk、六西行 poet Saigyo.
Gamblers bet on one side to come up as top and if it does, they get their money back about sixfold.


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The end-blown bamboo flute, the shakuhachi, is another noteworthy solo instrument. It first developed under the influence of Zen priests, with new schools of performance growing up from the 16th to 19th centuries.

http://web-japan.org/museum/music/music.html
http://web-japan.org/museum/music/music01/music01.html

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Studied Shakuhachi with Izu Hiroshi, master of Tozan school
source : ウベ・ワルタ Uwe Walter
He lives in a little village in the backwoods of Kyoto.

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quote
History of the Japanese Shakuhachi Flute
The Shakuhachi flute has been traced back as far as ancient Egypt and is thought to have migrated through India and China before being brought back to Japan by monks who were studying abroad in China during the 6th century.
... snip
The Fuke Sect of monks was dissolved around 1871 when the Tokugawa government fell and the Meiji Restoration began. Because of the special arrangement the Fuke Sect had with the Shoguns the Meiji would not honor the Fuke sect in order to weed out and eliminate spies and the Shoguns holdouts. The playing of the shakuhachi became forbidden and its use went underground.
When the Meiji government did permit the use of the shakuhachi again it was played as an accompanying instrument to the shamisen and koto. Many of the honkyoku and important documents were lost during the hiding. It wasn't until 1883 in Kyoto, Japan that the shakuhachi was revived by the Myoan Society at the old Fuke Temple, Myoan-ji. This society is responsible for much of the traditional shakuhachi music we have today.
source : www.zenbambooflutes.com




Elegant Shakuhachi Version of
Ushiwakamaru Serenading Jôruri-hime
奥村政信　Okumura Masanobu (1686–1764)

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Also see my musings about BAMBOO in general,
there are some shakuhachi photos in the Bamboo album

Bamboo Art
Bamboo as a Kigo
My Bamboo Haiku





尺八や　秋の空に響きおり

shakuhachi ya
the sound of autumn
in my valley

GokuRakuAn November 2007
Shakuhachi Concert with Gerhardt Staufenbiel


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From Zen Master Ikkyu (15th century)

The Dreamy Sound
of Bokushitsu's Shakuhachi
Awakened Me from Deep Sleep
One Moonlit Night

A wonderful autumn night, fresh and bright;
Over the echo of music and drums from a
distant village
The single clear tone of a shakuhachi brings a
flood of tears--
Startling me from a deep, melancholy dream.

[from Ikkyu, Zen Master. Wild Ways: Zen Poems of Ikkyu.
Translated and edited by John Stevens. Boston: Shambhala, 1995.]
___

Von Zen Meister Ikkyu (15 Jahrhundert)

Der Verträumte Klang
Von Bokushitsu’s Shakuhachi
Erweckte mich aus tiefem Schlaf
Eine mondhelle Nacht

Eine wunderbare Herbst-Nacht, frisch und hell,
Über dem Echo der Musik und Trommeln aus einem entfernten Dorf

Der einzelne klare Tone der Shakuhachi bringt eine Flut von
Tränen -
Aufgeschreckt bin ich aus einem tiefen, melancholischen Traum.

[von Ikkyu, Zen-Meister. Wilde Wege: Zen-Gedichte von Ikkyu. Übersetzte
und bearbeitete von John Stevens. Boston: Shambhala, 1995.]
…deutsche Übersetzung Mario Trinkhaus

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まづ知るや宜竹が竹に花の雪
mazu shiru ya Gichiku ga take ni hana no yuki

first you must know this !
Gichiku and his bamboo (flute)
bring "snow" to the cherry blossoms

or

first you must know this !
Gichiku and his bamboo (flute)
bring the cherry blossoms to fall like snow

Matsuo Basho
Written in 延宝5年. Basho age 34.

「吉野の山を雪かと見れば、雪ではあらで、や、これの、花の吹雪よの」
The cherry blossoms of Yoshino are famous for "haha no fubuki" cherry blossoms scattering like snow.

Too Saburo 藤三郎 Gichiku 宜竹 (ぎちく)
was a famous Shakuhachi flute player.
Kaijo Shuurin 景徐周麟 (1440 - 1518)

A monk of the Rinzai Sect Musoo 夢窓.
Also called Hanin 半隠, Taishoo 対松.
The shakuhachi at his time was a famous Hitoyogiri 一節切.

One of his famous tunes was "Yoshinoyama".
It was quite a hit in the Edo period and made Basho think of Yoshino.

. Mount Yoshino and more haiku about Gichiku .


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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©　Two Haiga by Emile Molhuysen, Delft, 2007








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不動尊竹で吹きたり手向けかな
fudouson take de fukitari tamuke kana
in Fudo Myo-O's sanctum,
blowing bamboo as an offering

(bamboo, as in shakuhachi flute)

natsu no hi take to kaeru no duetto kana
summer's day- a duet of frog and shakuhachi!

kunpuu ni ukabu shakuhachi no oto kana
floating on the summer wind, the sound of shakuhachi

Glenn Swann (chikukai)
(my own haiku and translation)
http://www.myspace.com/glennswannshakuhachi
http://shakuhachiflute.blogspot.com/

Translating Haiku Forum, August 2009

Glenn lives near asama yama, close to a fudo-son waterfall in karuizawa called sengataki.


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***** . komusoobana 虚無僧花 "komuso monk flower" .
Lamium album. white nettle


. Fue 笛 Flute playing Daruma 　

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. komusoo 虚無僧　説 Komuso legends about begging monks .


source and more komuso monsters : togetter.com/li

お猪口が變化した小さな虚無僧のような姿をした妖怪
little monster wearing a 猪口 Sake cup as Komuso hat.


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- #komuso #shakuhachi -
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