Edo Daruma

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Edo Daruma　江戸だるま　江戸達磨　
Edo Papermachee Dolls, Edo Hariko 江戸張子

Red papermachee dolls, especially Daruma san, have been made in Edo as amulets to protect children from smallpox and other infectuos diseases.

半月経つと疱瘡も峠を過ぎたものとして供えた赤飯から3粒をとって紙に包み、三つ辻の角へ持っていって捨てる。この赤飯をまだ疱瘡の終わっていない子供を持つ母親が見ると持って帰って子に食べさせる。そうすると疱瘡が軽く済んだ小児にあやかることができるという。
- Papermachee Dolls　張子 /　張り子 hariko -


The Edo Daruma had been lost in time, but these days Arai Ryo
(Arai Ryoo 荒井良 )started to revive them.


. © PHOTO :　だるまさん色々


Another Daruma by Araii Ryo
Sweet Potato with a beard ...
imo hige Daruma いも髭だるま




Kodenmachoo Daruma 小伝馬町だるま
They have been made by the Family Iida in the suburb Kodenmacho.
Daruma holds his hands folded under the red garment to give it a beautiful rounding. Mouth in the form of letter HE へ, five strokes for a chin beard. The head rather flat, with a twig of wisteria flowers (fuji) painted in gold on the top of it.

Kodenmacho : Take a tour ... External Link




Daruma Yokocho Quarters in Edo

In Edo most daruma makers lived in Honjo Daruma Yokochoo　本所達磨横丁. ブルマ横丁
They made daruma to prevent epidemics. When the business went out of patients and fire destroyed this part of town, they left for some villages outside Edo and moved to Takasaki,　Koshigaya, Iwaki, and Tama (see below).
Honjo was the place where the downtown couple Chobei lived 長兵衛夫婦, now famous in a Kabuki play. In Rakugo, it is the story of Bunshichi Mottoi 文七元結.

Honjo : Take a tour ... External Link


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Edo Kites with Daruma
Edo Kaku Tako 江戸角凧
Edo Nishiki Tako　江戸錦凧 (和凧)
Edo Nishiki-e 江戸錦絵凧




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Edo Papermachee Dolls, Edo Hariko 江戸張子
Azuma hariko 東張子 papermachee dolls from Azuma

The one on the right is the Edo doll.

The one on the left is a clay doll from Nakagawa, Akita
The one in the middle is a clay doll from Nakayugawa, Fukushima


© PHOTO :　bingoya
This LINK has many more dolls !




CLICK for more phots of Edo Hariko Papermachee Dolls !


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Koshigaya Daruma 越谷だるま　





Iwaki Daruma いわきダルマ ... more photos
Iwaki Daruma 岩城だるま





Takasaki Daruma ... 高崎だるま





Tama Daruma, 多摩達磨 多摩だるま, 多摩ダルマ



Tako, kite 凧


Nagaya だるま長屋殺人事件 Row houses in Edo and Daruma

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Crafts and Trades of Japan,
with Doll-and-Flower Arrangements
Billie T. Chandler



. Edo craftsmen　江戸の職人 .

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. Edo, The City That Became Tokyo 　


. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .


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Food Offerings and Bowls

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Food Offerings and Bowls　

Food offerings (onjiki kuyoo 飲食 供養)
Speiseopfergaben

giving alms for nuns and monks, the offerings are usually rice, soup, rice cakes (mochi　餅) or nuts and sweet cakes. Rice is usually freshly cooked or in form of rice gruel. Soup should be sweetened or contain beans. The offering in form of the fruits from trees, the nuts, is an old habit in Buddhist food offerings.

The bowls used for these offerings have their origin in the normal food containers.


Food Offering at a Temple


http://ryounji.com/guan04-08/guan08.htm

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Bowls for food offerings, onjiki ki 飲食器
These bowls are used to offer the food on the altar in front of a Buddha statue. In the beginning, the begging bowls where put there on a special tray. In esoteric Buddhism, two bowls where offered as a pair, usually in the same decoration as the other ritual items on the altar.
These bowls are also used in the private home altar.

Form
They have a high foot (takatsuki, koshidaka, koodai). They are sparcely decorated, sometimes just a band of lotus flowers or Chinese arabesques. At the bottom of the foot there can be eight lotusflowers showing toward the ground.

Material
Gold, iron or other metals.

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Begging Bowl (ooki, ooryooki 應量器 応量器, hatsu, Sanskrit: paatra)
Bettelschale
Also called Iron Bowl (tetsubachi, teppatsu 鉄鉢) or Buddha Bowl (buppatsu)


http://kobori.co.jp/item/642/catid/224

Their origin is in the normal bowls used by monks and nuns on their daily round of begging (takuhatsu) in India. Nowadays in Japan we can still see the monks on certain days walking through a neighbourhood, chanting their sutras in front of the door and waiting for an offering (usually money these days).

The begging bowl is a symobl of the vow of non-possession. Apart from the cloths it was the only personal belonging of a monk or pilgrim.



Form
A round bowl, the shoulder a little wider than the opening. It is carried in a kind of scarf (hatsufuku, hattai, hatsunoo), which the monk has around his shoulder during the begging walk. Sometimes the bowl is covered by a special cover (hachigai), to keep the food clean.

Material
Usually iron or simple pottery (gahatsu), usually green, red and blue. Other colors were not allowed.
According to Hamada the following materials should NOT be used for begging bowls, since they do not agree with a monk's vow of poverty: bronze, silver, wood, dry laquer (kanshitsu 乾漆) and stone.
http://www3.ocn.ne.jp/~k.hosoda/348-D_hati.htm

Here is a set of six for sale:
(see below)

http://www.mh-unit.com/designshop/japan/ouriyouki.html

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.. .. .. .. .. .. Special types of begging bowls

Buddha Bowl (buppatsu 仏鉢)
Buddhaschale

The legend knows this:
The four heavenly gods (shitennoo) wanted to present Shakyamuni with four golden begging bowls, but he refused. He also refused to take bowls with emaille covering. Finally they brought him simpel bowls of stone which he accepted, but miraculously changed into one so that none of the gods would be offended.
He simply put the four bowls one into each other and held his hand above them, so they changed into one.


http://www.kisshodo.jp/koda-ouryouki.htm

Nowadays a begging bowl should be of a simple material. The one on the picture are of simple laquer, with spoon, chopsticks and chopstsick-holder for the daily use in a Zen temple.

Monks also use four or six bowls, one smaller then the next to hold each other, sometimes even eight bowls are used (yae mari 八重鋺）. The smallest one is called "Eating Bowl" (kenshi, kenji, kunsu) in the Zen sect. They can also be used to measure rice and beans.

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Bowl for washing rice, busshoobachi 仏餉鉢（ぶっしょうばち）
Schale zum Reiswaschen



These bowls are often seen in Northern Japan in temples of the mountain ascetics (yamabushi).
They are used to hold offerings or to wash rice. Sometimes they are small buckets with three feet or a high foot (koodai), about 20 cm high.

この胴鉢は、仏餉鉢（ぶっしょうばち）と呼ばれるもので、神前または仏前に米飯を供える飲食器（おんじきき）の一種である。飲食器が高い脚台をつけたものであるのと異なり、低い高台（こうだい）をつけた鉢形のものを仏餉鉢と呼ぶ。賽銭を受けたり、洗米を盛ったりするものとして用いられたものである。
http://www2.coresite.ne.jp/hofubunkazai/shousai.asp?id=064

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Food Offering Bowl for the home altar 仏飯器


http://www.zenbutu.com/aboutbutsugu/butugu1.htm

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Support for a begging bowl (hasshi 鉢支 , rindai　輪台,
Sanskrit: kattamaalaka)
Untersatz fuer Bettelschale



To support a round begging bowl on the altar, so that it does not topple over.
It has a wide rim, short body and one shoulder. It is just a little smaller than the corresponding begging bowl.

Material
Bronze, iron, ivory, horn, pottery, stone, bamboo or wood, sometimes with a laquer finish.


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Takuhatsu, Ritual Begging 托鉢
In Kamakura we could see the monks from the great Zen temples often, walking in the neighbourhood, chanting sutras in front of a home and waiting for a while. If they did not get an offering, they would bow quietly and walk over to the next.
At the exit of the station, they would stand all day almost motionless and hold the begging bowl in their hands. If they got an offering, again, thay chanted the Heart Sutra and bowed deeply.

In many Asian customs it is a much more common sight. The perishable food must be eaten on this day before noon, since monks are not allowed to eat after midday and can not keep food in the heat. They also get cloths and other necessities on their begging trip.

Doing Takuhatsu at Year End to collect money to help the poor
全額　千葉日報福祉事業団へ寄付


. . . CLICK here for TAKUHATSU Photos !

Ryokan doing Takuhatsu
http://www2.tokai.or.jp/mm/hankeiji.jpg


An American Monk doing Takuhatsu
Some of the Japanese monasteries still send out their monks to beg in the streets on a monthly or weekly schedule , and I had found it an important practice to me when I was in Japan...more in harmony with my spirit then sitting still endless hours ..
http://scurrilousmonk.blogspot.com/2004/05/on-practice-or-non-practice-of.html

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Look at an outfit of a wandering monk
(unsui 旅装の雲水) Unsui ... Clouds and Water)

http://blog.livedoor.jp/worldkigo/archives/22725901.html

. . . CLICK here for UNSUI Photos !


quote
Unsui (Japanese: 雲水), or kōun ryūsui (行雲流水) in full, is a term specific to Zen Buddhism which denotes a postulant awaiting acceptance into a monastery or a novice monk who has undertaken Zen training. Sometimes they will travel from monastery to monastery (angya) on a pilgrimage to find the appropriate Zen master to study with.
The term unsui, which literally translates as "cloud, water" comes from a Chinese poem which reads,
"To drift like clouds and flow like water."
Helen J. Baroni writes, "The term can be applied more broadly for any practitioner of Zen, since followers of Zen attempt to move freely through life, without the constraints and limitations of attachment, like free-floating clouds or flowing water."
According to author James Ishmael Ford, "In Japan, one receives unsui ordination at the beginning of formal ordained practice, and this is often perceived as 'novice ordination.'"
itinerant monk
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


.komusoo 虚無僧 Komuso wandering begging monks .


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Himalayan Singing Bowls are a different matter.
Our friend Geert Verbeke has written a book about it. He explains almost anything you would like to know in alphabetical order.


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Most of the information quoted above is from my book on Buddhist Ritual Tools.

.. .. .. Buddhistische Kultgegenstände Japans
.. .. .. Ein Handbuch
http://darumamuseumgallery.blogspot.com/2008/06/kultgegenstand-inhalt.html

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.............. H A I K U


これや世の煤に染まらぬ古合子
kore ya yo no susu ni somaranu furu gooshi / goosu / gabushi

well - this old set of bowls
is not colored by the soot
of this world

Written in December 1689, Genroku 2 元禄2年12月, In Zeze 膳所.
For Haikai Kanjin Choo 俳諧勧進牒 compiled by Yasomura Rotsuu 八十村路通 Rotsu.

Rotsu had left his bag with a set of five bowls at a lodging in Osaka. The proprietor of the inn delivered it seven years later to Awazu (Shiga) and its owner was overjoyed.
When Basho heard this story, he wrote this hokku. It is a rare story of kindness and goodwill, even at the time of Basho.

The cut marker YA is in the middle of line 1.
The kigo here is suzuharai 煤払ひ wiping of the soot for New Year preparations.


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

. - Yasomura Rotsuu 八十村路通 Rotsu - .


Another item called gooshi, gōshi :
. gooshi, gōshi- goosu 合子 incense container .

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なぐさみのはっちはっちや秋日和
nagusami no hatchi-hatchi ya akibiyori

chanting for alms
in consolation ...
fine autumn day

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. Gabi Greve


hatchi-hatchi, the shorter form is hachi-hachi
(Begging Bowl, the prayer at the gate of a believer to get some food alms)



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One Robe, One Bowl
The Zen Poetry of Ryokan


A Bowl of Rice
Haiku of Taneda Santoka


Poetry and a Bowl of Tea
Lee Gurga

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山盛の花の吹雪や犬の椀
yamamori no hana no fubuki ya inu no wan

cherry blossoms
blown in the dog's bowl -
a real heap full

Issa
Tr. Gabi Greve

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Speiseopfer, Wasseropfer Deutscher Text

. . . . . TEXT
Buddhistische Kultgegenstände Japans




. WASHOKU - Food Offerings
Umi no Sachi, Yama no Sachi



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Daruma-gama, a Kiln

Daruma-gama, the Daruma Kiln だるま窯 Visiting the Tile Museum in Kikuma, I came upon the above poster on the wall. This is a special reduction-type kiln for making black roof tiles. Because his from looks like a seated Daruma in meditation, it got this name. This type of kiln has been used since the Heian period and today is still active in three places in Japan. One of them is in Kikuma. This type of kiln can be fired from both sides and the smoke emerges from the middle part. Some also have two chambers, looking like a gourd, but are still called "Daruma Kiln". More than 1000 tiles can be fired at once, but for quality tiles only about 300 pieces. Below is a private one in Takahama Town. Mr. Takahashi used only pine wood to fire it. Now with environmental problems, other means of making tiles are used and this one now is only a museum piece of the town. 戦後の一時期までは、原料に松材などをもちいて瓦を焼くだるま窯が各地で使用されていたが、松材の不足、窯の手入れの問題、そして煙害からの近代化への対応などから重油、ガスを原料とした焼成窯に変わってきており、現在ではほとんどだるま窯を見かけなくなっている。ここ高浜でも一基だけ残っているが、現在では使用されてなく、市の指定保存物となっている。 高浜市：高橋さんのだるま窯 http://www.harima.co.jp/naval/trip/s11/36.html :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Diagram of a Daruma Kiln A Daruma Kiln in Osaka 大阪市教育委員会と(財)大阪市文化財協会は、平成14年４月末から７月初めにかけて大阪市中央区和泉町１丁目で大坂城跡の発掘調査を行いました。この発掘調査において、達磨窯と呼ばれる９基の瓦窯を、市内で初めて発見しました。　達磨窯とは、16世紀に成立したと考えられる窯で、両端にある焚口から燃料をくべて瓦を焼きます〔左下図〕。横から見た形が座っている達磨に似ていることからこの名が付きました。発掘調査で出土した文字瓦〔右下写真〕などの遺物を整理した結果、これまで出土例が少なかった、大坂の陣（1614～15年）で荒廃した大坂城・城下町の復興の時期にあたる17世紀前半ころの窯であることが判明しました。 http://www.occpa.or.jp/ivent/toretate/daruma/DARUMA.html ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Great instructive Japanese link with pictures about such a kiln. It is a PDF file and takes a while, but is quite instructive. It also shows a diagram of the kiln. http://www.kyoto-arc.or.jp/181.pdf だるま窯（だるまがま） 古くから使われていた窯で、とくに いぶし瓦が生まれてくると、還元に便利な だるま窯が発達した。両側に焚き口があり、窯中央上部に煙突が付けられる。窯は粘土で作られている。だるま窯の場合、火力は下部から上部にのぼるため、下部で火力が強く窯の上部は火力が弱い。１回で１０００枚程度焼くことができるが、上質なものは３００枚程度である。 http://www8.ocn.ne.jp/~kawarak/tt.html#daru 還元窯（かんげんがま） いぶし瓦を製造するのに、焼成の最後の段階で燻化し、瓦の表面に炭素の微粉をつきさすように付着させるが、そのための窯を還元窯という。以前は だるま窯 を使い、２００～２５０℃で「あぶり」として１０時間、さらに５５０～７００℃で「中だき」として６時間、８５０～１０００℃で「本だき」として２時間、同じ温度で２時間の「練らしだき」を行う。この段階で煙出し穴を閉じて、松薪、松葉などを入れて焚き口など全てを閉めて燻しを始める。炭素と水分が化合して炭化水素となり、瓦の表面に付着する。現在では重油のトンネル窯を改良した還元窯により、燻し瓦も大量生産されている。 http://www.kawara.gr.jp/more/kk.htm 豊川のだるま窯 Daruma Kiln of Toyokawa １．だるま窯とは 　だるま窯（地上式小型平窯、俗称だるま窯と呼ばれる）の原形は平安時代につくられる。桃山時代には完成。当初は焚き口は一つで外観が達磨が座禅している姿に似ていたことから付けられる。桃山時代の発掘例には焚き口が２つ付いており、この頃にはだるま窯を２つ背中合わせに付けた窯となる。形は達磨と違う形になったが俗称が今日まで使われる。その理由は定かでない。 http://www.tcp-ip.or.jp/~amano-ta/toukai-sangyouisan03/toyokawa-darumagama2002.7.7.htm 深草瓦町をあるく Kawaramachi ここが桃山城の瓦も焼いたという、瓦屋「寺本甚兵衛」　少年の頃の当主は、耳から白い毛を出していた、取っつきにくそうなおじいさんだった。　表の壁に柴がうずたかく積まれておいてあったが、その上やなかまで潜り込んで遊んだりして、よくおこられた。　出入りは自由だったようで、中に入って、瓦職人さんの仕事を見たり、「だるまがま」というのだったか、瓦を焼く窯の火入れを見たり、釜だしを見たりした。　　「定賀さん」といういかにも職人という雰囲気のほとんどお話にならない職人さんがいた。　鬼瓦を作れるのはその方だけと聞いていて、すごい人だと思った。　その方は、この瓦屋の向かいの粗末な家に住んでおられた。 http://www.ne.jp/asahi/zouwata/1/sunpo/hurusato/kawaramati.htm ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: だるま窯 －消えゆく伝統の技術－ Shoji Ishida The Daruma Kiln, a traditon lost 　瓦を焼いた初期の窯は、山の斜面に穴を掘って造られた穴窯でした。この形式の窯が飛鳥寺や法隆寺近くで発掘されて保存されています。それが時代を経て、平地に造られたのが平窯です。手前に焚口があり、その奥に焼成室があります。焼成室の床には、火の通りを良くするためにロストルの役割を果たす畦が造られています。瓦を焼くこの平窯は外見がだるまが座ったような形であったので、だるま窯と呼ばれました。その後、なるべく大量に焼くことができるようにと二基のだるま窯を背中合わせにし、煙突も付けられて、今日のだるま窯の構造となりました。火室口と呼ばれる焚口が二つあり、瓦の出し入れは、横腹の戸口から行われました。 　だるま窯では、当初は燃料に薪を使用していましたが、明治のおわり頃から石炭が使われるようになり、戦後は重油、そして天然ガスが使われるようになりました。 　高浜市で最後まで残った高橋栄氏（田戸町五丁目）のだるま窯は、一九九四年一月まで黒瓦を焼いていました。一度に焼く七〇〇枚の桟瓦を焼く能力があります。瓦を焼くには、一般にあぶりから始めて本焚きに一二時間から一五時間、最後に松葉や松材を焚いて、燻すという還元炎焼成を行います。この燻し作業によって、燃料の炭素が瓦に固着して、瓦みごとな黒色に変色し、瓦の表面が一様に気密となって雨水の浸透を防止するのです。 　高浜市、最後のだるま窯は、道路整備により取り壊される運命にあります。三州瓦業発展の礎であったこのだるま窯、なんとか産業遺産として保存できないものかと思うのです。 http://www.tcp-ip.or.jp/~ishida96/ih-aichi/daruma.html ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: The Development of Japanese Kilns for Tiles 江戸時代以前からの屋根瓦焼成用の小型の窯です。中央に瓦を800～900枚程度詰めることのできる空間があり、その両脇に一段低い炊き口をもち、正面から見ると達磨の姿に似ているところから“だるま窯”と名付けられました。この窯は現在でも、黒色のいぶし瓦を焼くのに使われています。 窯の表面の小さなすき間（土の窯なので表面に生じるクラックなど）を粘土で埋めてしまうことにより、窯の内部を完全に密封することができます。窯内を酸欠、すなわち還元状態にしておいて、さらに松葉でいぶすのです。3日間ほどかけて黒瓦を焼くそうです。 だるま窯と見られる瓦窯でれんがを焼いたとする記述は少なくありません。「円形ニシテ左右ニ素地出入口ヲ附ケ前方ニ焚口ヲ設ケタル瓦窯ノ丸キモノ」ですとか「ダルマ窯ト称スル恰モ我国旧来ノ瓦窯ヲ一方口ト為セシ如キモノヲ築キ」などの文面が見られます。 『煉瓦要説』という本によれば、だるま窯には1700～1800本のれんが素地を詰めることができたそうです。 http://www.maizuru.net/seizou3.htm Mikawa Tiles production also used a Daruma-gama in former times. 三河地域は近世から だるま窯による瓦製造を行っていたが、1960年代に入りトンネルキルンが導入され本格的な大量生産、大幅コストダウンの時代に入っていった。さらに、機械業者や金型業者、釉薬業者など瓦を支える周辺業者との連携によって、他産地との競争に打ち勝った。 http://www.zofrex.co.jp/zairyou/kawara/index2.html ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: More about the Tile Museum in Kikuma http://home.e-catv.ne.jp/tour-ehime/kikuma.htm The Gread Roof Tiles of Fish under Water http://happyhaiku.blogspot.com/2005/05/illusions-with-fish.html English Links about Roof Tiles http://www.marble-tile.com/tile/japanese-roof-tile.html ........................................................................................................................... Handmade Edo Japanese Roof Tile, Daruma late Edo period, c. 1800-1868. http://www.jcollector.com/stores/hosoge/items/95632/en1jcollector.html :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Here is a flag with Daruma from Sumiyoshi Maru, a tile transporting ship, also on display at the tile museum in Kikuma. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: My Story about Mikawa Clay Daruma Dolls http://www.amie.or.jp/daruma/Mikawa.html ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: To the Daruma Museum Index http://darumasan.blogspot.com/

Gakki, Musical Instruments (01)

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Japanes Musical Instruments
(Part 01)

.. .. .. .. The Drum (ko 鼓)


Daruma san sitting on a drum called Tsutsumi.
(tsuzumi)

First a General Introduction to Japanese Music

From the Virtual Museum of Japanese Arts

The earliest forms of music were drums and flute music accompanying the kagura shrine dances. From the 6th century on, music came from Korean and Chinese courts and monasteries and was performed at the Japanese court under the generic name gagaku (court music). The 8th-century court established a music bureau (gagakuryo) to be in charge of musical duties, both ritual and entertainment. The standard full-range gagaku ensemble has about 16 musicians on percussion, string, and reed instruments, the most distinctive being the free-reed mouth organ (sho), cyndrical oboe (hichiriki), the biwa lute, and the koto zither.

Meanwhile with the introduction of Buddhism to Japan in the 6th century, Buddhist rites and liturgical chants gave rise to the development of a great variety of bells, gongs, wooden clappers, plaques, percussion tubes, and rattles, many of which found their way also into kabuki music of the Edo period (1600-1868).

As Japan changed from a court to a military-dominated culture in the 12th century, theatrical genres of music started to develop. From this time Buddhist evangelists and chanters reciting long historical tales (notably the Heike monogatari) went around the country singing or chanting, accompanying themselves on the biwa lute, while noh became the official entertainment of the new warrior class. Its music was provided by hayashi (an ensemble of drums and flutes) plus chanters.


.. .. .. .. .. Gagaku Ensemble


From the 17th century, the shamisen (three-stringed plucked lute) came to the fore, providing the lively rhythm that dominated the sounds of the popular kabuki and bunraku theaters. In the bunraku puppet theater, a skilled chanter was accompanied by a shamisen, while in kabuki, shamisen solos or choruses were combined with flutes and drums and an eclectic assortment of folk and religious instruments.

Japanese musical instruments are dominated by plucked string, flute and percussion instruments. Among the string instruments, special mention must be made of the koto (13-stringed zither). Formerly part of the gagaku ensemble, the koto was developed as a solo instrument from the 17th century, having its repertoire considerably enhanced by the Ikuta school in the 17th century and the Yamada school in the 18th century. Their solo and chamber music are considered by most Japanese to be the "classical" music of Japan.

In percussion, the taiko nailed drum has taken off in popularity in recent years. Concerts of drum music provide popular entertainment at festivals and events, and drum groups such as Kodo have achieved spectacular success overseas. The end-blown bamboo flute, the shakuhachi, is another noteworthy solo instrument. It first developed under the influence of Zen priests, with new schools of performance growing up from the 16th to 19th centuries.

http://web-japan.org/museum/music/music.html
http://web-japan.org/museum/music/music01/music01.html

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Now let us look at the Drums used in Buddhist rituals.
I have written about them and other ritual instruments in my book on Buddhist Ritual Implements.
...dietrich-seckel.html

There are a variety of drums and gongs used in Buddhist ritual, we can only look at some of them here.

The Big Drum (taiko, oodaiko 大鼓、太鼓、大太鼓）


http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~suwakou/sub6.htm

Origin: Drums have been used since olden times, maybe first as a means of communication between far away communities. In Buddhism, they are used in rituals and to mark the time. Sometimes the big drum has its own building, the Drum Pavillion (koroo 鼓楼).

Form: The body is like a cylinder, usually made from wood, seldom metal or bamboo. On both sides a piece of leather from an oxen (gyuuhi 牛皮) is streached and kept in place with wide bolts or with a string for smaller drums (shimedaiko 締太鼓). The leather part is hit on one or both sides with a drumstick (bachi　バチ). The body of the drum is usually placed on a wooden stand.


. taiko uri 太鼓売り vendor of drums .
in Edo, for the Inari festival

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source :　facebook

Unusually ornate Ō-daiko (大太鼓)
ca. 1873, attributed to Hayashi Kodenji (林小伝治, 1831–1915)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

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Great Decoration-Drum (dadaiko 大太鼓 )



http://www.kousakusha.co.jp/RCMD1/rcmd_1.html

Highly decorated okedo-daiko style drum used for Gagaku and religious ceremonies. The drum is placed in a ornately carved frame, and are played with short, padded beaters. Dadaiko are usually around two meters in diameter, and are one of the oldest styles of taiko used in Japan, dating from at least the 7th century.

There are two styles of Dadaiko, and they are always played in pairs. The Leftside (Saho) Dadaiko and the Rightside (Uho) Dadaiko.
The Saho Dadaiko has green colored body, a futatsu-domoe 二つ巴 is lacquered on the head, and the stand has images of a phoenix surmounted by a sun carved on it.
The Uho Dadaiko had a red colored body, has a mitsu-domoe 三つ巴lacquered on the head, and the stand has Chinese dragons surmounted by a moon carved on it.
http://www.kumidaiko.com/modules.php?name=Encyclopedia&op=content&tid=22

The top of the drum is often decorated with a flaming pattern (kaen daiko　火焔大鼓) . They are placed as a pair on the altar elevation. Around the drum itself there can be another flame decoration (kaenbuchi　火焔縁). On the top decoration (higata 日形）we find a sun (nichirin日輪)　on the left and a moon (gachirin月輪) on the left drum.

This drum is about 150 cm long and has a diameter of 127 cm. The great decoration drum of the temple Shin Tennoo-Ji in Oosaka (picture above) has a diameter of 248 cm.

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Sutra-Drum
(kyoogiri daiko 経切太鼓、kyoodaiko 経太鼓)



This drum is used when reciting the suras to keep the rythm. It is usually very lavishly decorated, a form of the big drum. The wooden body is sometimes also covered with brocade. Even the metal bolts are decorated.

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Drum for Repentance Ceremonies
(senpoo daiko 懺法太鼓)


http://www.cna.ne.jp/~syazi/estimate/daima/dgeho.htm

This drum is used by many Buddhist sects during special ceremonies of repentance. The sutras are recited with quite a speed and this drum keeps the rythm. The people can remember past sins and repent them while chanting the sutras.

This drum is rather narrow and can be held in one hand. The diameter is usually about 30 - 36 cm. Both sidesare usually covered with religious ornaments in beautiful colors.

Look at this one too:
http://www5e.biglobe.ne.jp/~e-kaori/image/sennpou.8.jpg

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Drum for reciting Amida prayers
(nenbutsu daiko 念仏太鼓)


http://www.miyamoto-unosuke.co.jp/taiko5.htm

The Amida sects have special chants to pray, Namu Amida Butsu (南無阿弥陀佛), and use this drum to keep the rythm.
It is quite a big one on a shelf and is hit from both sides with sticks. Smaller drums used for prayer dancing ceremonies are held in front of the breast whilst dancing.

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Drum in form of a Chinese fan
(uchiwadaiko 団扇太鼓)



This drum is used when chanting a special prayer at the Nichiren Sect, the Daimoku 題目. So this drum is also called Daimoku Daiko　題目太鼓. The form resembles a Chinese hand fan, hece the name.

The circular frame is made from wood or bamboo and covered with a piece of leather. The prayer "namu myoohoo rengekyoo", a prayer to the Lotus Sutra, is usually written on the leather. One side has a grip and the drum is beaten with a small wooden stick.

Another form has two sides and a handle in the middle
(ryoomenn etsuki daiko 両面柄付太鼓).





full moon night -
the sound of prayer drums
from the Nichiren temple

. Gabi Greve, October 2011 .



How like the full moon
the white round Nichiren drum
or a hand mirror?

Patrick Duffey
JOJ - Facebook Friend





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A great site for drums, many illustrations are taken from here:
http://www.suwakougei.com/
http://www.y-m-t.co.jp/wadaiko/okadaya/


Shimedaiko
http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~suwakou/sub7.htm

Drumsticks from various materials, like wood of the cedar (hinoki) , maple (kaede) or oak (kashi).
http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~suwakou/sub8.htm


In Akita, there is The Great Drum Museum (Oodaiko no yakata 『大太鼓の館』) in Takanosu Town and a big Drum Festival. I visited the museum once, it is very impressive with many drums from all over the world. The big ones you see on this picture are played by men sitting on top of it, hitting with long drumsticks.
The museum has many drums which you can play yourself.


http://tonami55.hp.infoseek.co.jp/eki-takanosu.htm

http://www.akita-nairiku.com/intro/01-13.html
http://itp.ne.jp/contents/kankonavi/akita/matsuri/aki_mat12.html


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.. .. .. .. .. Some useful links

No Play : AYA NO TSUZUMI (THE DAMASK DRUM)
ATTRIBUTED TO SEAMI, BUT PERHAPS EARLIER.
http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/npj/npj23.htm


History of Percussion Instruments
http://www.taiko-center.co.jp/english/history_of_taiko.html

Asian Drums
http://www.tctv.ne.jp/members/taikokan/tenji_asia.htm


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The Daruma san on the top picture is sitting on a drum called
tsuzumi (鼓）.



This small handheld drum is shaped like an hourglass. The smaller version (kotsuzumi) is held on the right shoulder and the player alters the tone by squeezing the laces. The bigger version (otsuzumi) is held on the left thigh.
Like all other traditional arts in Japan, there are several schools of tsuzumi, which is used for Noo (Noh) and Kabuki performances.

能と歌舞伎につかわれている小鼓、大鼓。
This instrument was introduced from China during the Nara period.
http://www.japan-zone.com/culture/instrument.shtml

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rin 錀 - 鈴 "singing bowl" for prayers and rituals

常に打つ錀なりながら秋の風
tsune ni utsu rin narinagara aki no kaze

the familiar sound
of the singing bowl changed
by autumn wind
Tr. Chris Drake


. WKD : Comment by Chris Drake .


. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

. suzu　鈴 small bell for prayers .

. Himalayan Singing Bowls .

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Mokugyo, the Fish Gong 木魚 and some haiku

. . . . .


. Ondeko 鬼太鼓 (おんでこ) Demon's Drums
The wild drummers from Sado Island and kigo


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H A I K U

kigo for the New Year

uchizome 打初 (うちぞめ) first hitting (the drum)
..... hatsutsuzumi 初鼓（はつつづみ）
..... tsuzumi hajime 鼓始（つづみはじめ）
hatsuookawa 初大鼓（はつおおかわ）"first big leather"
..... hatsudaiko 初太鼓（はつだいこ）first drum

. ponpachi ポンパチ / 初鼓 paper amulet of a drum .
Kagoshima

. SAIJIKI - THE NEW YEAR

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kigo for late spring



. Furukawa no okoshi daiko 古川の起し太鼓
"wake-up drums from Furukawa" 　


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Rituelle Instrumente Deutscher Text

. . . . . TEXT
Buddhistische Kultgegenstände Japans

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. Biwa 琵琶 lute .

. shooko 鉦鼓 prayer gong .


. Flute (fue) .
yokobue, hichiriki, ryuteki . . .


. Fue 笛 Flute playing Daruma 　

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. Damaru drum, damru . India and Tibet

. Music and Haiku .


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test

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Bicycle called Daruma

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A Bicycle called Daruma だるま自転車



The Dharma - The name for the Ordinary style bicycle of Japan

By Yukio Ootsu

The Dharma bicycle is generally considered the Ordinary style of bicycle in Japan.
The adoption of this name originated because it resembles in the form that laid. Dharma. It is, needless to say, the highly reputed monk who prepared the foundation of Chinese Zen sect. He was born in India and reached China by sea route in the year 470. He studied in the Mount Songshan Shao-ling temple.
The figure called Dharma shows the form how he meditated. After that, people believed that this figure make a happy charm. The Japanese feel familiarity to this Dharma, and sign of exceptional good luck.


This is a quote from a wonderful extensive page about the history of the Bicylce in Japan. With many pictures.
http://www.eva.hi-ho.ne.jp/ordinary/ordinary/

Safekeep Copy:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/DarumaArchives-002/message/58

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Let us read a little more from this essay.

Introduction
Documented information on high wheel bicycles in Japan is extremely scarce. It is quite incomplete and seems quite impossible to prove when the first ordinary appeared in Japan. However it is my life long plan and desire to find out the record. Here are my reports of discoveries at the time being.

Few undated photographs of high wheelers show a proud Japanese participation in the high wheel bicycle era. Actual examples of these bicycles that exist in Japanese museums and a few private collections show a history of both import and domestic blacksmith shop production. The early Ordinaries produced by Japanese blacksmiths locally are apparently at the same step with the world trend of the 1880's.You can tell it form early woodblock prints.
Judging from the information with dates, one can conclude that the high wheel period in Japan had a span of a decade from 1885 to 1895.

Further information may be discovered by bicycle historians of the other parts of the world. It may come, for example, in the form of an old invoice from London, or, San Francisco showing the shipment of an ordinary to Japan. It may say in a ship's cargo manifest. Other sources like export and customs documents from the West could easily help pinpoint date of early high wheel shipments to Japan. These, along with many other documented materials could help significantly to my search.


Ordinary Style Bicycles Still in Existence.



In March of 1978, the Meiji bicycle exhibition was held in the bicycle culture center located in Tokyo, Akasaka. The fine display of bicycles exhibited here, were from all over Japan. Even rare bicycles that there was not previously available for viewing were on display. 13 ordinaries were displayed, area backgrounds and places of production were discussed.
. eva.hi-ho.ne.jp/ordinary/


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There was another link describing this Daruma Bicycle.

- quote -
Around this time, the diameter of bicycle front wheels started to get gradually larger and larger. The reason for this was the larger the front wheel, the farther the bicycle travels with each wheel revolution, thereby producing higher speeds. Another name for this model was a penny-farthing because it resembled the English penny and farthing (one-quarter pence) placed next to each other. Ordinary bicycles had straight handlebars and wooden rims and spokes.
In Japan, they were called "Daruma jitensha" or "ichirinsha."
This new form of bicycle required advanced riding technique.

.cycle-info.bpaj.or.jp

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- quote -
The penny-farthing, also known as a high wheel, high wheeler and ordinary, is a type of bicycle with a large front wheel and a much smaller rear wheel. It was popular after the boneshaker until the development of the safety bicycle in the 1880s. It was the first machine to be called a "bicycle".



Although the name "penny-farthing" is now the most common, it was probably not used until the machines were nearly outdated; the first recorded print reference is from 1891 in Bicycling News. It comes from the British penny and farthing coins, one much larger than the other, so that the side view resembles a penny leading a farthing. For most of their reign, they were simply known as "bicycles". In the late 1890s, the name "ordinary" began to be used, to distinguish them from the emerging safety bicycles; this term and "hi-wheel" (and variants) are preferred by many modern enthusiasts.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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だるま自転車
オーディナリー（ordinary）グランピーだるま自転車ともよばれる。前輪を後輪より大きくすることでスピードを上げようとした。前輪が1,5メートトルや最大2,5メートルのものもあった。
http://www.fm-cycle.co.jp/link3.html
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Geta Sandals

[ . BACK to Daruma Museum TOP . ]
- - - zori straw sandals, see below
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Geta, Wooden Sandals, Clogs, 下駄
setta 雪駄 leather-soled sandals
Straw sandals, see below.


source : www.gendaiya.co.jp/minigeta.htm

These nice little Mini-Geta have a Daruma as Decoration !
They are made from Kamakura-Bori, a kind of Laquer Art.

Look at them from the side here:
. Daruma Photo Album .

Read my full story about Kamakura Laquer Ware (kamakurabori)
. . . Kamakurabori 鎌倉彫　. . .




source :　facebook

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Geta from Matsunaga Town,
Fukuyama City





©松永下駄工房 Matsunaga Geta Kobo
〒729-0104
広島県福山市松永町5-16-11



. Hita geta　日田下駄 geta wooden sandals from Hita .
Hita 日田市, Oita Kyushu

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Now let us take a look at the wooden clogs of Japan, the GETA.

だるま下駄パリの第４区にそのお店はあります。


There is a store in Paris in the 4th arrondissement, called DARUMA and selling geta!
http://www.maruara.com/mall/yume005.html

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Geta with only one "tooth" to balance on
一本歯の下駄


http://www.rakuten.co.jp/asakusa1393/485015/485061/#475757

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The mountain goblins, TENGU, also use huge geta to run around in the mountains. At some temples and shrines, you find offerings of huge geta from people with aching legs in quest for help.



These are from Hakone, Myoojin-ga-take 明神ヶ岳 道了尊和合下駄
http://hitosh.hp.infoseek.co.jp/yamakan/hakone/myouzingatake.html

On this link you can see the same geta in heavy snow and much more about this shrine.
http://www22.tok2.com/home2/shida/05rep/05227-162.jpg
http://www22.tok2.com/home2/shida/05rep/05227-myou.html

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. Daiyūzan 大雄山 Daiyuzan 最乗寺 Saijo-Ji .

　大雄山最乗寺 の天狗の下駄 Saijo-Ji
And the Tengu 道了大権現 Doryo Daigongen.
... Followers have donated metal geta sandals in his honor (as tengu usually wear geta). Some of them are gigantic, and it is said that if a pregnant woman walks under the largest pair, she will have an easy delivery.



I used to visit there often and step on these large geta.


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During many Tengu festivals, these one-tooth geta are still used today.



Look at more pictures of a Tengu Festival in Shimokita.
http://wandering-wind.jp/archives/2005/0130123204.php

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Here is a museum about footwear in Japan.
日本はきもの博物館
They feature the biggest geta of Japan.



実はこれ「ゲタリンピック」という地元のお祭りで使われるんです。（縄を付けてこれをみんなで引っ張るんです）

Look at Japnese straw sandals and tabi too.
http://www.kimono-taizen.com/watch/epsd_12.htm

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Recently tengu geta have become more popular for previously unknown effects. They are now used for training in martial arts, for rehabilitation training, for training in mountain climbing, and are used often for teaching in school.
TENGU
This is a goblin from Japanese legend. It has a red face and a long nose. With his supernatural power he can fly freely high up in the sky. He lives high in mountain recesses. His hand has a feather fan that can make a strong gale wind, and his feet have “Ipponba-geta (one-tooth-geta)".
- source : www.karankoron.com -

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An orchester of cats in front of the Huge Geta of Daikannon-Temple at Sakakibara Onsen.



猫のオーケストラ！それも巨大下駄の前で楽器を弾いているのだ。
「大観音寺」
http://toshi686-web.hp.infoseek.co.jp/tyousa/daikannon/


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Look at great pictures of a fire festival in honour of Kurama Tengu.
Thanks to Wada san!
鞍馬の火祭り Kurama no Hi-Matsuri
http://wadaphoto.jp/japan/kurama2.htm


Here is my story about Tengu and Daruma
http://darumasan.blogspot.com/2004/11/tengu-and-daruma.html


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. tsurushibina, tsurushi bina つるし雛 / 吊るし雛 small hanging hina dolls .


CLICK for more photos!

Made with the wish that the child will soon learn to walk and have healthy legs all its life.

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. getaya 下駄屋 craftsman making Geta in Edo .
geta haireya, ha-ireya　下駄歯入れ屋 Geta repairman
with Senryu
getaya no kanban 下駄屋の看板 shop sign of a Geta store
geta shinmichi 下駄新道 Geta New Road in Kanda
Legends about Geta

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. yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters – ABC-List .

bakezoori 化け草履 Bakezori, Yokai sandals, Sandal Yokai


from Hyakki Yagyō Emaki

The Bakezōri is described as a wandering sandal with two arms and two legs, but only one eye.
A kind of tsukumogami 付喪神.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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. . . . . . . . HAIKU

Day of the Geta, July 7.
This would be a lovely KIGO for Summer.

. . . . .

humanity kigo for mid-summer



tageta, ta-geta 田下駄 (たげた) geta for the fields
..... ooashi 大足（おおあし）"big feet"
shirofumigeta 代踏み下駄（しろふみげた）
geta to step into the rice paddies
mizugeta 水下駄（みずげた） "water geta"
to step into the wet rice fields

They were made of wood, with a larger bottom part to walk easier in the slippery mud fields. They were used when planting rice by hand in the wet paddies.

. Rice planting and related KIGO


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雪の朝二の字二の字の下駄の跡
yuki no asa ni no ji ni no ji no geta no ato

snowy morning -
footprints of wooden sandals
two lines, two lines again

Den Sutejo (1633-1698)
(Tr. Gabi Greve)



The first part of the kanji compound, 　二の字, the 二　 looks like two lines in the snow.


source : ameblo.jp/ykearth


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cold winter day -
the back and front of
human nature

GETA by Gabi Greve




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Oku no Hosomichi - - - Station 7 - Kurobane 黒羽 - - -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


夏山に足駄を拝む首途かな
natsuyama ni ashida o ogamau kadode kana

in the summer mountains
praying before the clogs:
setting off
Tr. Barnhill

An earlier version:

natsuyama ya kadode ni ogamu taka-ashida

summer mountains--
at departure praying
to the high clogs
Tr. Barnhill

Ad G. Blankestjin notes:
After Basho's timely visit to Unganji, the rains kept falling for several days. From the 6th to the 8th, he was not able to leave Choboji's house. On the 9th, however, he decided to go out in the rain and was taken to Komyoji, a shugendo temple in the fields on the east side of the town. This temple was famous for its Gyoja Hall, a hall dedicated to En no Gyoja, the legendary founder of the ascetic mountain Buddhism.

The 'ashida' mentioned in the poem (here translated as clogs) are a special kind of high geta, worn by those monks when practicing austerities. To make walking difficult, these geta had only one support instead of the normal two. The temple probably housed a statue of En no Gyoja wearing such high clogs.

Basho prays in front of them, wishing for strong feet and legs himself at the start of his long journey. Unfortunately, Komyoji was destroyed at the beginning of the Meiji period. The haiku stone stands forlorn in the high grass.
(Basho haiku stone)
(C) Ad G. Blankestjin

off the beaten path--
a prayer to the high clogs
standing in tall grass

Larry Bole, USA, April 2008




夏の夜や木魂に明る下駄の音
natsu no yo ya kodama ni akuru geta no oto





ashinaka　足半 "half foot" straw sandals

草履の尻折りて帰らん山桜　
zoori no shiri orite kaeran yama-zakura

I fold the straw sandals
into half and walk home -
mountain cherry blossoms
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in 延宝7年, Basho age 36.

Walking in the rain of spring, Basho considers to fold (oru) his straw sandals, because otherwise they would splash the mud of the road on his robes.
To fold the sandals or use smaller ones anyway (ashinaka　足半) was quite common in these days.
And maybe break (oru) a branch of the mountain cherries , since they will soon be damaged by the rain anyway.
A typical poem of the Danrin haikai school. It shows Basho in high spirits even when walking in the spring rain.



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下駄の痕残る渚や誓子の忌
geta no ato nokoru nagisa ya Seishi no ki

the imprints of geta
are still visible on the beach -
memorial day of Seishi

Kobayashi Seiha 小林青波

Yamaguchi Seishi 山口誓子



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Straw sandals, zoori, zôri 草履
one of the many necessities for a traveler in the Edo period.
waraji　草鞋　わらじ straw sandals (for travellers)
warazoori 藁草履 straw sandals
take no kawa zoori 竹の皮草履 sandals from bamboo skin
gonzoo ごんぞう / 権蔵 gonzo straw sandals
zunbe ずんべ straw sandals

zoori were used for the everyday work in a farming home. They had only a part to slip between the big toe and second toe for keeping in place.
waraji were used for work in the forest and by travellers.
They had a special back part to hold on to the foot when walking a lot or walking on forest slopes. The heel part had a rope to bind around the ankle.




zoori were made by all farmers, and many were made in the winter months, to be used in busy times. There were also peddlers for zoori in Edo (zooriya　草履屋), who sold their ware to travellers.

zooriya is also the name for a shop that sells sandals. Nowadays they are made of various materials.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

. Edo no shokunin 江戸の職人 Edo craftsmen .

source : edoichiba zouri
zoori shokunin 草履職人 craftsmen making sandals


. Recycling and Reuse in Edo - リサイクル .


. waraji no omamori　わらじお守り　straw sandal amulets .
for strong legs


how to wear WARAJI
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uwazoori 上草履 indoor sandals




初雪や今おろしたる上草り
hatsu yuki ya ima oroshitaru uwazoori

first snow --
I just put on new
indoor sandals

This hokku is from the tenth lunar month (November) of 1819, the year evoked in Issa's Year of My Life. Indoor sandals in farm villages were generally woven from rushes, straw, old cloth, the outer sheathing of bamboos, and similar materials and were used for walking in areas inside a house that had board floors rather than straw floor matting, in much the way slippers are worn in contemporary Japan. In the previous hokku in Issa's diary he writes of an indoor sandal (or sandals) that has fallen off the low porch under the eaves of his house while the first snow falls.
In the present hokku, Issa, perhaps standing on the same low wooden porch running under the eaves of his house, seems to be struck by a feeling of simultaneity, since he has put on a fresh new pair of indoor sandals -- because his old ones were wet? -- just as the first snow of the winter is falling outside. Does he sense the freshness of the new snow with his feet?

Chris Drake

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

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大草履ひたりひたり村時雨
oo zoori hitari-hitari mura shigure

big straw sandals
pitter-patter...
hard winter rain

This haiku has an irregular middle phrase of six, not the usual seven, syllables: hitari-hitari. In the previous year (1823), Issa writes a similar haiku:

dooshin boo ya zoori hita-hita mura shigure

Priest Doshin's straw sandals pitter-patter...
hard winter rain

In both haiku the expression, mura shigure, signifies winter rain that passes through strongly and incessantly; Kogo dai jiten (Shogakukan 1983) 110; 1603.

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. Lanoue



門々の下駄の泥より春立ちぬ
かどかどのげたのどろよりはるたちぬ
kado kado no geta no doro yori haru tachinu

geta at the gate

. geta at the gate ...


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. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


夏川を越す嬉しさよ手に草履
natsukawa o kosu ureshisa yo te ni zôri

so happy
to cross this summer river -
sandals in my hand

Tr. Gabi Greve / Joy and Haiku



花を踏みし草履も見えて朝寝哉
hana o fumishi zoori mo miete asane kana

after treading on cherry petals
I can even see her straw sandals
sleeping late in the morning . . .

Maybe after an encounter with a lady ?

- - - - - or

after treading on cherry petals
I can even see my straw sandals
sleeping late in the morning . . .

Maybe he spent the night somewhere in Kyoto and is now waking up not in his own bed . . .

. asane 朝寝 (あさね) sleeping late in the morning .
kigo for all spring


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New Year comes!
Daruma's worn sandals
replaced

Chibi


Look at the BIG SANDALS here !

Daruma carrying one sandal


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kamizoori, kami zoori 紙草履 / 紙ぞうり Kamizori
sandals made from paper

They were made from strong, waterproof Washi paper.
Once they are torn, they could be used in the garden as fertilizer.




とぶ蝶に追抜れけり紙草履
tobu choo ni oi-nukare keri kami zôri

a flitting butterfly
outstrips me...
paper sandals
Tr. David Lanoue

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 .
Cultural keywords and kigo used by Issa


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setta 雪駄 leather-soled sandals for men
some come with a tatami cushion


CLICK for more photos !


- quote -
'setta' is one of the Japanese traditional sandals.
Japanese people were sandals called ''zori'' or ''setta'' until western-style shoes spread after the Meiji era. Of course, samurai, too. These Japanese sandal has created a beautiful Japanese-style posture and walking form by sandwiching the string called ''hanao'（鼻緒） between toes. Those posture and how to walk bring the influence that is good for the budo and martial arts including fencing (kenjitsu) and jujustu of Japan.
''Setta'' is said that Sen no Rikyū who is famous for tea ceremony devised it. The upper part is made of a rattan and bamboo, and leather is used for the bottom and it is characterized by thinner than ''zori''.
- source with photos : Osami Kitazono / facebook


setta naoshi 雪駄直し　repairing setta sandals



Since setta were rather expensive in Edo, they would be repaired many times and never just thrown away. There were many repairmen in Edo, Kyoto, Osaka and other big cities.
Some walked around from house to house, others sat by a busy roadside and waited for customers.
In Edo they called dei dei　でいでい, deei deei でえい、でえい, (local dialect for teire, te-ire 手入れ to repair)
in Kyoto and Osaka it was naoshi naoshi　はおしなおし.
Therefore the setta sandals were also called deidei in Edo.

. - - - Welcome to Edo　江戸 ! .


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Snow-Clogged Geta
Suzuki Harunobu 鈴木春信 (1725-1770)

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pokkuri ポックリ wooden sandals for ladies
especially for young geisha in Kyoto


source and more photos :　Klara Field



CLICK for more photos !

- and as an amulet for beautiful legs from
香取神社 Katori Jinja

健康美脚のお守り
okobo おこぼ okobo pokkuri for maiko


source :　pooch.exblog.jp



CLICK for more photos !

koppori こっぽり amulets to prevent evil for Maiko girls


- - - - - Not to mix with
. pokkuri 　ぽっくり　amulets for a sudden death, "drop dead" .


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. 幸福地蔵 Jizo for Good Luck .
He is the only Jizo wearing straw sandals in Japan.


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[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]

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